摘要
利用最近三次人口普查数据分析中国大陆各民族老年人口规模和人口老龄化在过去20年的现状与变化趋势,研究发现,各民族老年人口规模增速差异显著,少数民族老年人口规模增速整体上慢于汉族,其中有13个少数民族老年人口规模增速快于汉族;各民族人口老龄化速度差异显著,少数民族整体上慢于汉族,朝鲜族、满族、锡伯族、俄罗斯族等4个少数民族快于汉族;各民族人口老龄化程度差异显著,朝鲜族最高,汉族紧随其后,少数民族人口老龄化程度低于汉族;各民族老年人口城乡构成和人口老龄化水平城乡差距显著;出生和死亡共同形塑了56个民族老年人口规模和人口老龄化进程。基于少数民族人口老龄化的特殊性,建议加强政策学习,提升政策供给质量;尊重民族特性,政策落地因地制宜;基于分布规律,养老服务开展纳入民族视角。
Using the data from the last three censuses to analyze the current situation and trends in the size of the elderly population and population ageing of the ethnic groups in the mainland of China over the past 20 years,this study concludes that there are significant differences in the growth rate of the elderly population among the ethnic groups,with the size of the elderly population of the ethnic minorities growing slower than that of the Han ethnic group on the whole,with 13 ethnic minorities growing faster than the Han ethnic group.The rate of population ageing differs significantly among the ethnic groups,with ethnic minorities slowing down compared with the Han ethnic group on the whole,while the populations of four ethnic minorities,including the Korean,Manchu,Xibe and Russian,grow faster than that of the Han ethnic group.The degree of population ageing differs significantly among the ethnic groups,with the Korean being the highest,followed by the Han ethnic group,while the degree of population ageing among the ethnic minorities is lower than that of the Han ethnic group.The urban-rural composition of the elderly population and the level of population ageing among the ethnic groups differ significantly between urban and rural areas.The births and deaths have combined to shape the size of the elderly population and the process of population ageing among the 56 ethnic groups.Based on the special characteristics of the ageing population of the ethnic minorities,it is recommended that it should strengthen policy learning,provide favorable policies,implement policies in accordance with the local conditions,respect ethnic characteristics,and develop the aged-care services from the ethnic perspective on the basis of the reasonable distribution pattern.
作者
张航空
杨磊
ZHANG Hangkong;YANG Lei(Population Development Studies Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 10081,China)
出处
《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第1期70-75,共6页
Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
北京市社会科学基金青年项目“北京市老旧小区老年人居住环境与适老化改造路径研究”(18SRC022)阶段成果。
关键词
民族
老年人口
人口老龄化
ethnic group
the elderly
population aging
