摘要
利用1990、2000和2010年人口普查数据,分析中国少数民族人口的老龄化问题发现,中国各少数民族人口随全国人口一起,共同进入了持续老龄化的状态,且表现为老年人口规模及其占总人口的比例增长快,75岁以上的高龄老年人增速快,老年人口规模大,老年负担系数大,老龄化族际差异大的"两高三大"的特征。文章认为,在未来一个相当长的时期内,少数民族人口的老龄化趋势将会持续下去,老龄化程度会进一步提高。同时,中国少数民族集聚区,经济社会发展水平低,在这一背景下步入老龄化社会,属于典型的"未富先老"。要解决好少数民族人口老龄化问题,首先应尽快调整人口政策,以积极的人口对策化解深度人口老龄化进程中的社会压力与经济负担;其次要转变方式,调整结构,切实加快少数民族和民族地区的经济社会发展;第三,要充分开发和利用"银色人力资源",加快发展老龄事业和老龄产业;第四,以健康老龄化为中心构建全民敬老爱老社会服务机制,广泛动员和吸纳社会中介组织、志愿者与社会资源参与。
There are differences in the issue of population aging among China＇ s various ethnic groups. The aging process of some ethnic groups is very fast,and the structure of their population aging belongs to a typical aging model. Some ethnic groups＇ aging process is relatively slow,and the structure of their aging still belongs to a young model. Moreover,the rate of aging of various ethnic groups in the same region is also different,even the rates and trends of aging within one specific ethnic group also differ. Hence,the situation of population aging among minorities in China is very complicated. Based on the data from three demographic censuses conducted in 1990,2000 and 2010,this article analyzes the differences of population aging among various ethnic groups. 1. The Basic Situation of Population Aging among Ethnic Minorities in China According to the census,the population above age 60 among minority populations was 6. 29 million in 1990.; It increased to 9. 02 million in 2010; and reached above 11. 75 million in 2010. The population above the age of 65 among the minority population was 4. 05 million in 1990; 5. 87 million in 1990; and reached 7. 83 million in 2010. According to typical international standards of population aging frameworks and statistics from the 2000 census,China＇ s population has already become an aging population. Among the total population of that year,10. 46% of the population was above the age of 60; 7. 10% of the population was above the age of 65. Among the ethnic minority populations,8. 57% of the population was above the age of 60,and 5. 58% was above the age of65. Hence,the minority population had not yet become a typical aging population. However,in 2010,the rate of aging in the total minority population further increased,and it also became a typical aging population. 2. Ethnic Differences of Population Aging among the Minorities There are 55 ethnic minorities in China,and the rate of aging among these minorities differs from each other. From 2000 to 2010,the rate of population ag
出处
《民族学刊》
2014年第1期1-8,96-97,共10页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
2009年度国家社科基金重大招标项目(项目编号:09&ZD011)
西南民族大学学位点建设项目(项目编号:2011XWD-S0202)基金资助
关键词
少数民族人口
老龄化
未富先老
人口普查
minority populations
aging
＂Aging before Getting Rich＂
demographic census
