摘要
《民法典》除以平等主体之间的社会和经济生活为要件,还包含程序要素。“程序构成要件→实体权利配置”的规范构造既呈现于《民事诉讼法》,也出现在《民法典》中。《民法典》第229条是实体/程序交错的典型例证。无论是人民政府的征收决定,还是人民法院、仲裁机构的法律文书,均体现出行政权和司法权等国家公权力对物权秩序的介入,对此应坚持谦抑性原则。征收决定导致物权变动之标准时应充分考虑补偿到位。法律文书范围的厘清亦应贯彻谦抑性,即在法律文书的三大类别与三个层次的体系定位后,将直接导致物权变动的法律文书限定为形成性文书。在“有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构”“请求人民法院撤销”“请求人民法院分割”等形成诉权典型表述的基础上,直接导致物权变动的法律文书应考虑公示公信原则和第三人权益保护的实体内核,参酌虚假诉讼之程序规制,坚持以法院形成判决为原则,避免虚假诉讼/仲裁对民事法律关系造成不可逆的消极影响。
In addition to the elements of economic and social interaction between equal persons, the Civil Code also contains procedural elements. The normative construction of “procedural elements → configuration of substantive rights” exists both in the Civil Procedure Law and in the Civil Code. Article 229 of the Civil Code is a typical example of the intersection of substance and procedure. Whether it is the expropriation decision of the government or the legal documents by the people’s courts or arbitral institutions both reflect the intervention of the state’s public power, such as administrative and judicial power, for which the principle of modesty should be upheld. The timepoint for expropriation decisions leading to changes in real rights should take full account of the effective and sufficient compensation. The clarification of the scope of legal documents should also implement the principle of modesty. It means that among the three categories and three levels system of legal documents, the ones modifying existing civil legal relationships should be limited to formative documents. On the regulative basis of “right to request the people’s court or arbitration institutions”, “request the people’s court to revoke”, “request the people’s court to part” and other typical expressions of the right of action for formation, the scope of legal documents leading to changes in real rights should consider the principle of public credibility and the protection of the rights and interests of third parties. It also should take into account the procedural regulation of false litigation,adhere to the principles of the formative court judgement, and avoid irreversible negative impact on civil legal relations caused by false litigation or arbitration.
作者
任重
REN Zhong(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084)
出处
《云南社会科学》
北大核心
2023年第1期93-105,共13页
Social Sciences in Yunnan
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“民法典与民事诉讼法的协同实施研究”(项目号:22&ZD206)
国家社会科学基金青年项目“民事诉权基础理论研究”(项目号:17CFX065)的阶段性成果
清华大学自主科研计划资助。
关键词
法律文书
形成判决
形成裁决
物权变动
虚假诉讼
虚假仲裁
Legal Documents
Formative Civil Judgment
Formative Arbitration Award
Changes in Real Rights
False Litigation
False Arbitration
