摘要
《民法典》为破解合同僵局创设了违约方司法解除权制度,但当前还缺少对其行使方式、要件证明、纠纷解决、解除时间四个诉讼审理方面的研究。违约方既可以被告身份通过反诉和抗辩请求司法解除,也可以原告身份起诉提出,原告起诉请求合同解除时,需要法院确定具体解除方式和诉的类型。违约方解除权的两个权利成立要件由违约方承担证明责任,但这不是对举证责任的分配,也不能用于解决法律评价问题。除司法解除请求外,需要通过诉的合并与法官释明使其他合同相关的诉讼请求同时提出,促进纠纷一次性解决,同时通过重复起诉制度避免矛盾裁判,但是违约方司法解除权可以在法院对合同效力作出裁判后再行使。形成判决的形成力产生时与形成诉权形成效果作用时不同,实体法上可以具体规定合同解除时间。
The Civil Code creates the judicial termination right of the default party to overcome the contract deadlock, but there is a lack of current research on four procedural problems: the method of exercise, the proof of its elements, the resolution of disputes and the time of the termination. The default party can either apply for a judicial termination as a defendant in the form of a counterclaim or defense or sue as a plaintiff. When plaintiffs sue for contract termination, the court needs to determine the specific method of termination and the type of suit.The proof of burden of the two elements, which establish the right of judicial termination of the default party,should also be undertaken by the default party, but this is not an allocation of the burden of providing evidence and cannot be used to resolve questions of legal evaluation. In addition to the judicial termination, it is also necessary to lead other contract-related claims filed in the same case to promote the one-time settlement of disputes, by the consolidation of claims and the judge’s interpretation, and to avoid contradictory judgement by repeated suit rules,but the right of judicial termination can be exercised after the court has ruled on the validity of the contract. The generation time of formative effect from the formative judgment is different from the time of change by formative right of action and the substantive law can specify the time of the termination of the contract.
作者
刘子赫
LIU Zi-he(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084)
出处
《云南社会科学》
北大核心
2023年第1期118-130,共13页
Social Sciences in Yunnan
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“民法典与民事诉讼法的协同实施研究”(项目号:22&ZD206)
国家社会科学基金青年项目“民事诉权基础理论研究”(项目号:17CFX065)的阶段性成果
清华大学自主科研计划资助。
关键词
形成诉权
抗辩
证明责任
纠纷一次性解决
重复起诉
解除时间
Formative Right of Action
Defense
Burden of Proof
One-time Settlement of Disputes
Repeated Suit
Time of Termination
