摘要
干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响,但其对籽粒灌浆生理的影响,以及与根系生理的关系尚不明确。为探讨干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆、籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和激素含量变化及其根系生理的影响,以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料,大田种植,设置常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying,AWD)2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平,全生育期不施氮肥(0N)、全生育期施氮肥90 kg hm^(-2)(90N)、全生育期施氮肥180 kg hm^(-2)(180N)、全生育期施氮肥270 kg hm^(-2)(270N)和全生育期施氮肥360 kg hm^(-2)(360N)。结果表明:灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,干湿交替灌溉增加了南粳9108籽粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,提高了籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合成酶、淀粉分枝酶的活性和玉米素+玉米素核苷、3-吲哚乙酸、脱落酸的含量,增加了花后根系氧化力和根系中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量,促进水稻生育前期茎鞘中储存的NSC向籽粒的运转,且与270N耦合后产量最高,为本试验最佳水氮耦合模式。表明通过适宜的水肥调控发挥水氮耦合效应,可以提高水稻根系生理性能和籽粒灌浆生理活性,实现水稻高产。
Soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient are the two principal factors affecting rice production.Alternating dry and wet irrigation(AWD)coupled with nitrogen application plays important roles in root growth and yield formation in rice.However,its effect on grain filling physiology and their relationship with root physiology is not clearly understood.To explore the effects of alternating dry and wet irrigation and nitrogen application coupling on grain filling,changes of key enzyme activities involved in sucrose-to starch conversion and hormone contents,and root physiology of rice,the super rice variety Nanjing 9108 was cultivated as the material in the field.The field experiments were conducted with two irrigation regimes[conventional irrigation(CI)and AWD]and five nitrogen application rates[no nitrogen fertilizer(0N),90 kg hm^(-2)(90N),180 kg hm^(-2)(180N),270 kg hm^(-2)(270N),and 360 kg hm^(-2)(360N)nitrogen fertilizer].The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between irrigation method and nitrogen application rate.Alternating dry and wet irrigation increased the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of Nanjing 9108,and increased the activities of the sucrose synthase enzymes,adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylation enzymes,starch synthase enzymes,and starch branching enzymes,and the contents of zeatin+zeatin riboside,3-indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid,increased root oxidation activity,and the content of zeatin+zeatin riboside in roots after heading,promoted the transfer of NSC stored in the stem sheath to the grain in the early growth stage of rice,and the highest yield was obtained after coupling with 270N,which was the best water-nitrogen coupling mode in this experiment.In conclusion,the water-nitrogen coupling effect can be exerted by appropriate regulation of water and fertilizer,which can improve the physiological performance of rice roots and grain-filling physiological activity,and achieve high rice yield.
作者
付景
王亚
杨文博
王越涛
李本银
王付华
王生轩
白涛
尹海庆
FU Jing;WANG Ya;YANG Wen-Bo;WANG Yue-Tao;LI Ben-Yin;WANG Fu-Hua;WANG Sheng-Xuan;BAI Tao;YIN Hai-Qing(Cereal Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期808-820,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110019)
河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2022ZC09),河南省农业科学院水稻科技创新团队项目(2022TD29)和河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作项目(2022JC05)资助
河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HARS-22-03-S)。
关键词
水稻
干湿交替灌溉
施氮量
籽粒灌浆生理
根系生理
rice
the alternate wetting and drying irrigation
nitrogen rate
grain filling physiology
root physiology
