摘要
【目的】明确盐-旱复合胁迫影响水稻根系形态生理及产量形成的作用机制。【方法】以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108为试材,设置对照(无胁迫,CK)、单一盐胁迫(0.15s,盐浓度0.15%;0.3s,盐浓度0.3%)、单一干旱胁迫(DJ,拔节期干旱;DH,抽穗期干旱)和盐-旱复合胁迫(0.15s+DJ、0.15s+DH、0.3s+DJ、0.3s+DH),比较研究盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻根系形态生理的变化特征及其与物质生产和产量形成的内在关联。【结果】与对照相比,单一盐胁迫(0.15s、0.3s)下水稻产量降幅为25.8%和65.0%;单一干旱胁迫(DJ、DH)下产量降幅为4.3%和22.3%;盐-旱复合胁迫(0.15s+DJ、0.3s+DJ、0.15s+DH和0.3s+DH)下产量降幅分别为33.3%、67.3%、48.3%和72.6%。单一盐胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫处理的每盆穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于对照,且盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻各产量构成因素均显著低于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。单一盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻成熟期地上部干物质量和收获指数均低于对照,且盐-旱复合胁迫下植株地上部和根系干物质量、根冠比和收获指数均低于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。与对照相比,单一盐胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫处理下根长、根表面积、根直径、根系氧化力和伤流强度均受到显著抑制,且在盐-旱复合胁迫下的抑制效应大于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。单一盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫处理降低了水稻叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量,尤其在盐-旱复合胁迫下降幅更大。【结论】盐-旱复合胁迫显著抑制水稻根系形态生理,进而影响叶片光合生理、同化物积累以及产量形成,且其抑制效应高于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,具有叠加效应。
【Objective】This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which combined salinity-drought stress affects rice root morphology,physiology,and yield formation.【Method】We used Nanjing 9108,a conventional japonica rice variety widely grown in the mudflats along the coast of Jiangsu Province,as the test material.The following treatments were applied:control(no stress,CK),single salinity stress(0.15s,salinity concentration 0.15%;0.3s,salinity concentration 0.3%),single drought stress(DJ,drought at jointing stage;DH,drought at heading stage),and combined salinity-drought stress(0.15s+DJ,0.15s+DH,0.3s+DJ,0.3s+DH).We conducted a comparative study to investigate changes in root morphology and physiology of rice under combined salinity-drought stress and their underlying relationships with crop production and yield formation.【Results】In comparison to the control,rice yield decreased by 25.8%and 65.0%under single salinity stress(0.15s and 0.3s,respectively).Under single drought stress(DJ and DH),the yield reduction was 4.3%and 22.3%,respectively.Under combined salinity-drought stress(0.15s+DJ,0.3s+DJ,0.15s+DH,and 0.3s+DH),the yield reduction was 33.3%,67.3%,48.3%,and 72.6%,respectively.The number of panicles,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,and thousand grain weight were significantly lower under single salinity stress and combined salinity-drought stress treatments compared to the control.The yield components of rice under combined salinity-drought stress were also significantly lower than those under single salinity stress and drought stress.Aboveground dry matter weight and harvest index of rice during maturity were lower under single salinity stress,drought stress,and combined salinity-drought stress compared to the control.The aboveground and root dry matter weight,root to shoot ratio,and harvest index of plants under combined salinity-drought stress were lower than those under single salinity stress and drought stress.Root length,root surface area,root diameter,root oxidation activity,and bleeding
作者
朱旺
张翔
耿孝宇
张哲
陈英龙
韦还和
戴其根
许轲
朱广龙
周桂生
孟天瑶
ZHU Wang;ZHANG Xiang;GENG Xiaoyu;ZHANG Zhe;CHEN Yinglong;WEI Huanhe;DAI Qigen;XU Ke;ZHU Guanglong;ZHOU Guisheng;MENG Tianyao(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety,Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development,Yangzhou 225009,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期617-627,共11页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFE0113400)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32001466)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(23)1020]
中国博士后基金面上项目(2020M671628)
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022304,BE2022305)
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20221371)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。
关键词
盐-旱复合胁迫
水稻
根系形态生理
产量
combined salinity-drought stress
rice
root morphology and physiology
grain yield
