摘要
近年来,我国海洋执法部门遇到了以“多尔戈夫”号轮案为代表的外国IUU渔船案件。这些渔船及其非法捕捞行为,与我国缺乏实际联系,执法部门只能依照普遍管辖原则对其行使管辖并予以处罚。由于缺乏对国际公约的有效衔接,我国国内法在法律适用、实体规则和程序规则等三个方面存在难以克服的法律挑战。传统的普遍管辖权理论,无法适应打击IUU行为的现实需要。我国作为海洋命运共同体成员,对于养护公海生物资源的多样性和生态系统“健康”负有责任和义务。因此,海洋命运共同体理念明确了普遍管辖权保护的客体是共同体法益,建构了全新的义务观,将尊重船旗国主权作为普遍管辖权的重要限制,从而完成了普遍管辖权的法理嬗变。与此同时,我们不妨从实体和程序两个维度建构基于海洋命运共同体理念的普遍管辖制度,并为我国相关国内立法的修订和完善铺平道路,提供全新的国际法理论支撑和具体指引。
In recent years, China has exercised universal jurisdiction over foreign IUU ships, like the case of F/S Andrey Dolgov. Since the fishing ship and the IUU conduct constituted no actual link to China, the authority had no choice but to make punishment in accordance with the universal jurisdiction. The failure of efficient implementation of international law reflects dilemmas of China’s Fisheries Law in three aspects: the application, the substantive and the procedural provisions. The traditional theory of the universal jurisdiction,however, cannot be utilized to combat IUU fishing any more. As a member of the maritime community, China shoulders unshirkable responsibility and obligations for reserving and protecting the biological diversity of the open sea and the“health”of ecological system. The notion of maritime community with a shared future clearly indicates the legal interest of the community as the object of universal jurisdiction protection, constitutes a new concept of obligation and limits the jurisdiction by the principle of respecting the sovereignty of the flag state,thus initiating the paradigm shift of the legal evolution of the universal jurisdiction. Meanwhile, it is necessary to construct universal jurisdiction system based on the notion of maritime community with a shared future from the entity and procedural dimensions. In this way, we can provide brand new theoretical support of international law and specific guidance, to pave the way for the amendment and improvement of domestic legislation.
作者
吕鸣
LV Ming(College of Marine Calture and Law,Shanghai Ocean Unireriy,Shanghui 201306,China)
出处
《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期109-121,共13页
Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(21YJC820028)。
关键词
普遍管辖权
海洋命运共同体
《联合国海洋法公约》
IUU行为
universal jurisdiction
maritime community with a shared future
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
IUU fishing
