摘要
为探究居民养老保险政策能否有效降低农村老人的健康风险,文章首先从理论上提出了养老金对农村老人健康影响的机制假说,然后利用中国健康与养老追踪调查微观数据,通过PSM-DID模型实证检验了养老金对农村老人生理健康的影响和机制,并进一步探讨了养老金在较长时期内的影响效果以及社区养老服务在其中的协同作用。实证结果表明:(1)从短期来看,养老金的确具有降低农村老人健康风险的积极影响,这一影响主要存在于日常生活活动能力(ADL)、躯体活动能力和认知能力三项基本健康指标方面,对工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)这一更高层次的社会性健康指标没有显著影响,并且这一效应对于70岁及以下、家庭收入较高、受过教育、已婚且与配偶同住、患有慢性病以及家庭养老不足的农村老人来说更为明显。(2)养老金的影响渠道主要包括提高食物和医疗支出、增加午睡时间、促进隔代照料、抑制吸烟等。(3)从长期来看,养老金对农村老人日常生活活动能力和躯体活动能力的积极影响具有良好持续性,对工具性日常生活活动能力的积极影响在参保两年以上才开始显现,并且社区养老服务在其中发挥了显著的正向调节作用。而养老金对认知能力的长期积极影响则依赖于社区养老服务的协同保障。文章的研究不仅为居民养老保险政策的未来改革提供了经验依据,还为有效降低农村老人健康风险提供了政策参考。
With the elderly care system in China having not been built maturely,to widely reduce the health risk of rural elderly is of great significance to alleviate the care pressure in the future and move the security gate forward. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether inclusive residents’ pension could reduce the health risk of rural elderly effectively. First,based on Grossman’s health demand model,this paper puts forward the mechanism hypothesis of the impact of pension on the health of the elderly in theory. Then,based on the four periods(2011,2013,2015 and 2018)of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study tracking data,this paper empirically tests the impact and mechanism of pension on various physiological health indicators of rural elderly using the DID method after PSM. In addition,this paper further discusses the impact of pension in a long period of time and the moderating effect of community pension services.The empirical results show that:(1)In the short term,although the pension has no significant impact on the IADL index of the elderly,it significantly alleviates the decline of ADL,physical activity ability and cognitive ability of the elderly,and this effect is more obvious for the elderly aged 70 and below,with high family income,educated,married and living with spouse,suffering from chronic diseases,and having insufficient family support.(2)The mechanism of the impact of residents’ pension on rural elderly’s health mainly includes that the pension can effectively increase food and medical expenditure,increase nap time,promote intergenerational care,inhibit smoking and so on.(3)In the long-term model,the impact of pension on different health indicators is various. The impact of pension on the ADL and physical activity has a good sustainability.The positive effect on the IADL,a high-level health indicator,begins to appear more than two years after participating in the pension scheme and community elderly care services play a positive regulatory role. The longterm positive effect on
作者
张郁杨
袁微
Zhang Yuyang;Yuan Wei(School of Public Administration,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;School of Business Management,Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205,China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期49-63,共15页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(21CGL019)
浙江省教育厅社科项目(Y202146766)。
关键词
养老金
生理健康
社区养老服务
长期影响
pension
physical health
community elderly care services
long-term impact
