摘要
随着健康劳动时间价值的持续上升,合理解决工作时间和家务时间配置的冲突,对于老年人的时间福利提升具有重要实践意义。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)1997~2015非平衡面板数据,使用面板Tobit模型实证分析了健康对老年人劳动时间配置的影响。研究发现:(1)慢性疾病和健康冲击显著减少了老年人的工作时间,但增加了家务时间,该结论在收入增加时仍然成立。(2)以日常饮食偏好作为工具变量,采用面板数据工具变量法,发现该结果仍然成立;采用日常生活能力作为自变量进一步的验证健康对老年人劳动时间配置的影响,结果仍稳健。(3)分城乡异质性结果表明,城镇老年人在受到健康威胁时,更重视家庭时间价值,而农村老年人即使受到了健康威胁,仍存在“无休止劳动”现象;分职业异质性结果表明,服务业和非专业技术老年人受到健康威胁时,其工作时间和家务时间都增加,劳动时间福利受损。高级专业技术老年人的工作时间减少,家务时间增加。从事农业劳动的农民和有技术老年人的工作时间增加,家务时间减少。随着收入的增加,没有发现服务业、农业和有技术老年人的工作时间和家务劳动时间之间的相互替代关系,高级专业技术工人更倾向于用家务劳动时间替代工作时间。另外,未发现在城镇从事服务业、农业、非专业技术、技术和高级技术工人五大类职业中工作时间和家务时间之间的替代关系。从社会保障和社会福利政策、老年劳动力需求相关的政策和畅通职业自由流动政策方面提出政策建议。
As the value of healthy labor time continues to rise,resolving the conflict between working time and housework time allocation reasonably has important practical significance for the improvement of the elderly’s time welfare.Based on the data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1997 to 2015,the panel Tobit model was used to empirically analyze the impact of health on the labor time allocation of the elderly.The study found:(1) Chronic diseases and health shocks significantly reduced the working hours of the elderly,but increased the time of housework,and the conclusion was still valid when income increased.(2) Using daily dietary preference as an instrumental variable,the panel data instrumental variable method is used to find that the result is still valid;using daily living ability as an independent variable to further verify the impact of health on the labor time allocation of the elderly,the results are still stable.(3) The results of urban-rural heterogeneity show that the urban elderly pay more attention to the value of family time when their health is threatened,while the rural elderly still have the phenomenon of “endless labor” even if their health is threatened;the occupational heterogeneity The results show that when the service industry and unskilled older people are at risk to their health,their working hours and housework time are increased,and labor time benefits are impaired.Senior technical seniors are working less and more time at home.Farmers and skilled seniors working in agriculture are working more hours and less on household chores.With the increase of income,there is no mutual substitution relationship between working time and housework time in the service industry,agriculture and skilled seniors,and senior professional and skilled workers are more inclined to use housework time instead of work time.In addition,no substitute relationship between working time and housework time was found in the five major occupations of service industry,agriculture,non-professional te
作者
关斐
李麦收
GUAN Fei;LI Mai-shou
出处
《科学决策》
CSSCI
2022年第5期119-136,共18页
Scientific Decision Making
基金
河南省科技厅软科学重点项目(项目编号:212400410092)。
关键词
老年健康
工作时间
家务时间
the elderly health
working hours
housework hours
