摘要
早期中国《诗经》流传的口头或书写问题中,重要的并非是哪种传播方式占主导地位,而是其传播方式是否参与了《诗经》文本的形塑。循着这样的思路,我们可以利用《尔雅·释训》《毛传》等传世文献以及安大简《诗经》等出土文献,对战国秦汉时代的人如何阅读和讲授《诗经》、书面文字与口头讽诵之间的互动方式等问题初作探析,或可触摸到一点早期《诗经》的活态传统。汉以后《毛诗》文本的变迁,通过汉唐之间异文对勘亦可略见其大概。口头与书写传统在后世文本流传中的作用,随之可作初步判断。另,战国秦汉时代存在两种长度的《诗经》简册,一种长度为30厘米左右,如阜阳汉简《诗经》,颇便于手持阅读;另一种长度为50厘米左右,如安大简《诗经》,很可能用于挂壁阅读,其功能主要是辅助记诵,为口头讲授或诵读随时提供书面文本的参考。
Among the issues concerning the mode of transmission of the Book of Songs(《诗经》)in its early period in China,the most important issue was not whether oral transmission or written transmission dominated,but whether its mode of transmission involved in the shaping of its texts.Following this train of thought,we can make use of such handed-down documents as Interpretations and Commentaries from Literary Expositor(《尔雅·释训》)and Mao’s Notes on the Book of Songs with Commentary(《毛传》),and also such unearthed documents as the Book of Songs written on the bamboo slips collected by Anhui University(安大简),and make tentative explorations of how people in the Warring States,Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty read and taught the Book of Songs,and how its written texts and oral transmission interacted between each other.In this way,we might touch upon a bit of the living tradition of the Book of Songs in its early period.The changes in the text of Mao’s Edition of the Book of Songs(《毛诗》)after the Han Dynasty can also be roughly seen through the cross-textual collation of its various editions from the Han to the Tang Dynasties.Thus,how its oral tradition and written tradition played their roles respectively in its later textual transmission can also be initially judged.In addition,there existed two types of the Book of Songs written on bamboo slips strung together in the Warring States,Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty.The first type like the Book of Songs written in the Han Dynasty on the bamboo slips unearthed in Fuyang(阜阳)is about 30 centimeters in length,which was convenient for holding while reading.The second type like the Book of Songs written on the bamboo slips collected by Anhui University is about 50 centimeters in length,which was probably used for hanging on the wall while reading.and of which the function was mainly to assist in learning by heart,and to provide a written text for reference whenever necessary while giving a lecture or making a recitation.
作者
徐建委
Xu Jianwei(School of Literature,Renmin University,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期78-88,共11页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
中国人民大学比较文明跨学科重大创新平台资助成果、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助成果。
关键词
诗经
口头传统
书写传统
文本变迁
挂壁
the Book of Songs(《诗经》)
oral tradition
written tradition
textual transformation
hanging on the wall
