摘要
近年来,美国频繁滥用域外管辖权,通过单边经济制裁推行对外政策,阻碍了世界各国正常的经济交往,各国纷纷颁布阻断法来维护本国的合法权益。基于中国的特殊国情,美国的经济制裁会在四种情况下对中国的国家安全、经济、政治和外交带来重大不利影响。情况一是美国对第三国的经济制裁作用于中国,情况二、三和四是美国对中国的经济制裁分别作用于第三国、美国自身和中国实体。在中国阻断法体系的建构中,应当优先阻断情况三和情况四,原则阻断情况一,适度阻断情况二。在中国阻断法的执法和司法中应当重点阻断情况三,灵活阻断情况一和情况四,谨慎阻断情况二,从而为应对和反制美国经济制裁提供法律工具和话语权武器。阻断法是一把“双刃剑”,会使私人主体和公权力机关处于“两难困境”,但这种“两难困境”是中国维护国家主权和应对美国经济制裁需要付出的“必不可少的代价”。目前,中国通过颁布《不可靠实体清单规定》《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》和《反外国制裁法》,初步构建了应对和反制美国经济制裁的阻断法体系,这是中国应对和反制外国经济制裁实践的巨大进步,但该阻断法体系仍存在进一步完善的空间。中国在阻断法的立法和实施中应进退有度,在充分发挥阻断法工具价值的同时,兼顾阻断法的谦抑性,在维护国家宏观利益和个体微观利益之间寻求平衡。
In recent years,the United States has frequently abused its extraterritorial jurisdiction and implemented its foreign policy through unilateral economic sanctions,which has hindered the free economic exchanges around the world.Many countries have enacted blocking statutes to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.Due to China’s unique national conditions and international situation,the US economic sanctions have significantly affected China’s national security,economy,politics and diplomacy in four scenarios.Scenario Ⅰ refers to economic sanctions imposed by the US on third countries that influence transactions between China and those third countries.Scenario Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ refer to economic sanctions imposed by the US on China that influence transactions between third countries and China,between the US and China,and between Chinese entities,respectively.In the buildup and implementation of its blocking statute system,China should give priority to different scenarios in a flexible manner based on different situations to equip itself with legal tools and improve its influence in international opinion as it copes with and counters economic sanctions imposed by the US.China’s blocking statute system,however,is a double-edged sword,which would put private entities and public authorities into a dilemma.Such a dilemma,however,is an indispensable price for China to pay as it safeguards its sovereignty,and copes with and counters the US economic sanctions.At present,China has basically built a blocking statute system through the promulgation of the Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List,the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures,and the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law,marking a major step forward as the country copes with and counters economic sanctions from the US.Meanwhile,there is still room for improvement in China’s blocking statute system.In the legislation and implementation of its blocking statute system,China should fully bring
出处
《国际经济评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期111-139,7,共30页
International Economic Review
