摘要
2021年6月10日,全国人民代表大会常务委员会表决通过《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》(以下简称《反外国制裁法》)。在美国等国对华实体和个人制裁愈演愈烈的背景下,仅用三个月左右便问世的《反外国制裁法》,明显具有救急的考量。在反制的具体措施上,《反外国制裁法》不仅在源头上对外国干涉型对华制裁措施的推动方及其关系方实施反制清单制裁,而且还要求任何实体和个人不得执行前述外国干涉型对华制裁措施,并且对在华实体和个人直接赋权,允许其在中国法院起诉前述外国干涉型对华制裁措施的中外执行方,追索所遭受的损失。这种不得执行外国干涉型对华制裁措施的禁令以及诉讼赋权,在实践中将迫使外国投资者在中美市场间作出两难的选择,反过来非常可能对中国经济产生重大不利影响。诚然,《反外国制裁法》是我国行使主权国家权力的体现,但立法者、执法者如何能够确保张弛有度,留有余地,有所为有所不为,值得探讨。
On June 10,2021,the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress adopted China AntiForeign Sanctions Law( AFSL).Against the backdrop of increasing foreign sanctions against China,the whole process to enact AFSL only costs no more than 3 months,indicating that it is designed for urgent needs.Regarding specific measures,AFSL not only imposes sanctions on the promoters of foreign sanctions against China and their affiliates,but also requires that no entity or individual shall enforce the aforementioned sanctions against China,and directly empowers entities and individuals in China to sue the Chinese and foreign enforcers of such sanctions in Chinese courts to recover the damages they have suffered.Such a ban on enforcement of foreign sanctions against China and the empowerment to sue would,in practice,force Chinese and foreign companies to choose between the U.S.and Chinese markets,which will place them in a dilemma and in turn have significant adverse impact on China’s economy.While AFSL is a manifestation of China’s sovereign rights,it is worth exploring how to ensure that there is a degree of openness and leeway in making and execution of law.
作者
赵德铭
周文桐
金挺峰
Zhao Deming;Zhou Wentong;Jin Tingfeng
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2022年第1期1-14,共14页
Journal of International Economic Law
关键词
反外国制裁法
国际法
反制
Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law
International Law
Anti-Sanctions
