摘要
【目的】地膜覆盖时间影响着棉田养分的迁移及氮素利用效率,我们尝试利用根区水质模型(root zone water quality model-version 2,RZWQM2)评估新疆绿洲棉田不同地膜覆盖时间下土壤氮素迁移特征和作物吸收利用率,为优化地膜覆盖方法提供理论依据。【方法】于2017-2018年在新疆进行了棉花田间试验,设覆膜时间分别为40、55、70、85、100天和常规全生育期覆盖对照共6个处理。在苗期-吐絮期测定0-80 cm土层贮水量和硝态氮含量,成熟期测定棉花氮素吸收量。利用全生育期土壤贮水量、硝态氮含量及植株氮养分吸收量的实测数据校正了基于气候因素的RZWQM2模型参数,利用地膜覆盖时间处理的实测数据对模型参数进行验证,最后利用建立的模型计算了2017和2018年棉花生长55~105天期间,地膜覆盖每延长3天棉田土壤剖面的氮素平衡和植株氮素利用率。【结果】以全生育期覆盖处理数据校正后的RZWQM2模型,模拟的2017、2018年不同地膜覆盖时间土壤贮水量和土壤硝态氮含量与实测值之间均方根误差(RMSE)分别为1.14~2.87 mm、2.05~17.28 mg/kg,平均相对误差(MRE)分别在6.61%~20.08%、0.06%~0.57%;与棉株氮素吸收量实测值吻合度均较高,氮素吸收峰值分别出现在94~96和97~99天,最大氮素吸收增长率均出现在85~90天;依据校正后的RZWQM2模型计算,氮素总损失量(氨挥发+反硝化+渗漏)随地膜覆盖时间的增加而下降,地膜覆盖时间达94~99天时氮素渗漏损失最低;氮肥农学效率和生理利用率相较氮素回收率对地膜覆盖时间的变化响应更明显。利用该模型计算的2019和2020年度棉花氮素吸收和利用率随地膜覆盖时间的变化,2020年气温高、降水少,变化曲线趋于抛物线,而2019年更接近于直线。【结论】经过校正与验证,根区水质模型RZWQM2模拟的土壤氮素动态和作物氮素吸收利用值与实测值的均方根误差(RMSE)和平均相对�
【Objectives】Film mulching days affect nutrient transport and N use in cotton fields.Here,we used the root zone water quality model-version 2(RZWQM2)to simulate the N use efficiency of cotton and N transport in the soil.We aim to provide a theoretical base for choosing suitable mulching days in oasis cotton fields in Xinjiang.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2018;the mulching day treatments were set up as 40,55,70,85,and 100 days across the growth stages of cotton.From seedling to boll opening stage,we measured the soil water and nitrate content in 0−80 cm depth,N absorption amount of cotton was measured at maturity.The measured soil water storage,nitrate-nitrogen content,and plant N uptake across the growth stages of cotton in the film mulching treatments were used to calibrate the RZWQM2 model.The values recorded for the indexes mentioned above under different mulching day treatments were used to verify the reliability of the calibrated model.Finally,the model calculated the change in cotton N uptake and N use efficiency across the mulching days during 55−105 days of cotton growth.【Results】After calibration with the measured values under mulching treatment across the growing period of cotton,the simulated soil water storage and NO_(3)--N content showed satisfactory agreement with the measured values.The root means square error(RMSE)between the measured and simulated values ranged from 1.14 to 2.87 mm and 2.05 to 17.28 mg/kg;the mean square errors(MRE)ranged from 6.61%-20.08%and 0.06%-0.57%,respectively.The simulated and measured values of cotton N uptake were in good agreement,with the peak values appearing at 94-96 days and 97-99 days,respectively.The total N loss(ammonia volatilization+denitrification+leakage)decreased with increasing mulching time.The lowest N leakage was observed at 94-99 days mulching.Agronomic and physiological utilization rates responded well to the film mulching time.Simulating the N uptake and use efficiencies of cotton with the elongati
作者
夏文
林涛
褚晓升
丁奠元
颜安
尔晨
汤秋香
XIA Wen;LIN Tao;CHU Xiao-sheng;DING Dian-yuan;YAN An;ER Chen;TANG Qiu-xiang(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Institute of Cash Crops Research,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Hydraulic Science and Engineering College,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Restoration and Environmental Information,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期114-126,共13页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31960386)
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4)
新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2019I012)
新疆农业科学院重点培育专项(XJLCPY-2020003)
新疆自治区天山英才计划资助。
