摘要
近代以来,西方哲学主要形成了两大模式:认识论与存在论。认识论的特征是在主客二元对立思维模式中寻求事物的唯一本质;存在论的特征是在心物一体相融的思维模式中寻求事物动态展开的多元境域。前者易于把握,但格局偏狭;后者不易把握,但却有整体、丰富把握事物之妙。当代中国美学中的“实践论美学”“生命美学”,以及诸后实践美学,均各有其理论贡献,但所依据的哲学模式主要是认识论的,对存在论的理解、借用还未真正上路,其原因则是没有真正弄懂海德格尔的存在论。海德格尔对存在的研究经历了“此在基础存在论”时期、“形而上学”时期、“本有与返回大地之思”时期三个阶段,其基本的看法是:“存在”是此在的展开状态;“存在”等于“无之无化”;“存在”是“天地神人”之四方圆舞,或“本有”之二重性一体共存之差异化运作本身。文章根据海德格尔的存在论,提出了“美是人的本真境域的显现”之命题,其具体内容包括:美是人与对象的快乐关系(愉悦感);美是实现人的自由超越本性的情感形式(自由感);美是人的完善无意识的升华现象(完整感);美是人的本真境域的显现(本真境域感)。
Since modern times,western philosophy has mainly formulated two kinds of philosophical trends,namely,the epistemology and the ontology.The former is prone to seek the ultimate essence of things through a thought of binary opposition of the subject and the object,whereas the latter explores the multi-dimensional situations of dynamic presentation of things by a thought of integrated of the mind and the matter.It is easy to comprehend the epistemology,yet with a limited outlook,while it is hard to comprehend ontology,but with a more comprehensive knowledge of things.The studies of aesthetics in contemporary Chinese,such as“practical aesthetics”,“life aesthetics”and post-practical aesthetics,all have made their distinct theoretical contributions.However,what the philosophical foundation that they are based on is mainly epistemology,because of the weakness in studying of Heidegger’s ontology,they could not transform resources from Heidegger sufficiently.Heidegger’s study of existence can be divided into three stages,and they are“Dasein as fundamental ontology”,“metaphysics”and“the thought of being and returning to the earth”.His basic view is that“being”is the unfolding state of Dasein;“being”is equal to“nothingness of nothingness”;“being”is the square dance of“heaven,earth,God and man”,or the differentiated operation of the coexistence of duality and unity of“being”.According to Heidegger’s ontology,the author puts forward a proposition that“beauty is the presentation of the authenticity and environmental field of human being”,which includes:beauty is the happy relationship between human and object(feeling of euphoria);beauty is the emotional form to realize man’s freedom beyond nature(feeling of freedom);beauty is the sublimation of human perfection and unconsciousness(feeling of integrity);beauty is the presentation of the authenticity of human being(feeling of true self).
出处
《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期74-91,共18页
Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
中国当代美学
实践美学
生命美学
海德格尔
存在论
本真境域
contemporary Chinese aesthetics
practice aesthetics
life aesthetics
Heidegger
Ontology
authenticity
