摘要
温州作为浙江道教洞天福地的三大聚集地之一,其迥异的自然山水和历史人文充分反映温州洞天福地的入世特性。当地道教洞天福地中冗杂的民俗信仰与文人隐士的笔墨纷宏著述,很大程度上得益于温州洞天福地与社会生活之间的互通性。这种互通性不仅表现在它的人文历史方面,也从其山岳和水文等自然景观中显露出来。据其山岳水文等自然景观的特征,在风景园林视角下得出温州一洞四福地景观在选址和布局上所具备的独特地域特点:择址在其本身临近江海的基础上循“坐山之内隅”原则,且各洞天福地“山岳海拔多不过百”;布局遵“虚围实合的山川之势”和“立于水网,靠于江流,面向海洋”之态。其选址原则和布局模式确保了温州洞天福地“避灾”和“藏风纳气”特性的同时又维系了其入世性,保障了洞天福地中修道者的日常生活。温州洞天福地从自然到人文景观无不涉及现实追求和世俗表现,旨在发掘其地域性特征,丰富浙江洞天福地研究。
Wenzhou,as one of the three gathering places of the"Taoism Nature Sanctuary"(TNS)in Zhejiang Province,its distinct qualities of the natural landscape and culture of humanism accentuates the regional characteristics of Wenzhou TNS that get involved in the world.The diverse local Taoist folk beliefs with abundant literatis and hermits'writings benefits from the interworking between Wenzhou TNS and social lifestyle in a great extent.This interoperability is not only manifested in the analysis of historic literature and social cultural influence,but also in natural landscape layers such as landform and hydrology.Through exploration of its geomorphological context,it is concluded that the landscape of Wenzhou TNS is extremely regional and specific to its location in site selection and layout of surrounding landscape from the perspective of landscape architecture.With foundation of being in close proximity to the rivers and sea,process of site selection embodies the principle of"located in the inside of mountains that separate the ocean".The elevation of the mountainous landscape has an average altitude less than one hundred metres.The layout adapts to the semi-closed mountainous form and the condition of"situating on the water network,back to the rivers and facing the sea".The geographical distribution and geomorphological context of Wenzhou TNS assure the purpose of"disaster avoidance"and certain other beliefs in Chinese traditional geomantic omen theory,while sustaining its secular values and guaranteeing the basic life in TNS.In summary,Wenzhou TNS shows the pursuit of realistic life and secular expression.This paper depicts the distinct regional character of Wenzhou TNS,which will enrich the research of TNS in Zhejiang Province from both the analysis of its landscape geomorphological context and the historic cultural influence.
作者
董海娜
金荷仙
郑青青
DONG Haina;JIN Hexian;ZHENG Qingqing
出处
《中国园林》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期43-47,共5页
Chinese Landscape Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“芳香植物配置对人体亚健康干预效应研究”(编号51978626)
中国科学院咨询课题“继承弘扬传统文化,提升人居环境品质——重视开展声景学、香景学及光景学研究与实践”子课题“香景学研究”(编号2018-ZW01-A-031)
北京市财政项目“内蒙古及杭州的园林资源与历史文化研究”(编号2019-YB-12)共同资助。
关键词
风景园林
温州
洞天福地
人文
山水
landscape architecture
Wenzhou
"Taoism Nature Sanctuary"(TNS)
humanism
natural landscape
