摘要
目的分析2020年我国居民在COVID-19疫情防控期间出门戴口罩、外出回家洗手、避免不必要外出和减少不必要聚会的行为特征,探讨以上4种个人防护行为的群体差异及其影响因素,从而为进一步做好疫情防控提供科学依据。方法从"2020年新冠疫情防控及其影响调查"中选取18周岁及以上的全国居民作为研究对象,共4123人。采用χ2检验比较不同特征人群在出门戴口罩、外出回家洗手、避免不必要外出和减少不必要聚会4种行为上的差异,并利用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析4种行为的影响因素。结果调查对象做到上述4种个人防护行为的比例都很高,分别为96.09%、94.66%、91.12%和95.22%。同时存在群体差异,多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示,出门戴口罩的影响因素为性别(OR=2.40,P<0.001)、城乡(OR=0.48,P<0.001)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.27,P=0.001;OR=0.13,P<0.001);外出回家洗手的影响因素为性别(OR=2.18,P<0.001)、分组年龄(OR=3.14,P<0.001;OR=8.29,P<0.001;OR=4.69,P<0.001)、城乡(OR=0.73,P=0.050)、受教育程度(OR=1.53,P=0.059;OR=2.35,P<0.001)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.70,P=0.089);避免不必要外出的影响因素为性别(OR=2.05,P<0.001)、分组年龄(OR=2.77,P<0.001;OR=3.30,P<0.001;OR=5.43,P<0.001)、城乡(OR=1.64,P=0.001)、受教育程度(OR=1.50,P=0.026)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.73,P=0.056;OR=0.63,P=0.002);减少不必要聚会的影响因素为性别(OR=1.97,P<0.001)、分组年龄(OR=2.94,P<0.001;OR=3.00,P=0.002;OR=3.33,P=0.003)、受教育程度(OR=0.52,P=0.032;OR=0.61,P=0.097)、居住地是否在武汉市(OR=0.69,P=0.094;OR=0.58,P=0.006)。结论COVID-19疫情防控期间我国居民在个人防护方面总体做得很好,表现出一定的群体差异,相关政策的制定及个人防护的宣传应对特定人群和特定区域有所偏重。
Objective To analyze Chinese residents′behavior characteristics in regards to wearing masks,washing their hands upon returning home,avoiding unnecessary leaving home and reducing unnecessary parties during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020.To investigate the demographic differences and influential factors of the above four individual protective behaviors,and to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control.Methods A total of 4123 Chinese residents aged 18 years and over were selected from the 2020 COVID-19 Prevention and Control and Its Impact Survey.The Chi-square test was used to examine the differences in the four behaviors among different demographic groups,and multiple Logistic regression analysis models were used to analyze the factors of the four behaviors.Results The percentage of practicing the above four individual protective behaviors was very high,which were 96.09%,94.66%,91.12%,95.22%,respectively.Meanwhile,there were significant difference among different groups.Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the analysis main factors affecting wearing masks were gender(OR=2.40,P<0.001),urban or rural area(OR=0.48,P<0.001),whether in Wuhan(OR=0.27,P=0.001;OR=0.13,P<0.001);for washing their hands upon returning home the factors were gender(OR=2.18,P<0.001),group age(OR=3.14,P<0.001;OR=8.29,P<0.001;OR=4.69,P<0.001),urban or rural area(OR=0.73,P=0.050),education level(OR=1.53,P=0.059;OR=2.35,P<0.001),whether in Wuhan(OR=0.70,P=0.089);for avoiding unnecessary leaving home the factors were gender(OR=2.05,P<0.001),group age(OR=2.77,P<0.001;OR=3.30,P<0.001;OR=5.43,P<0.001),urban or rural area(OR=1.64,P=0.001),education level(OR=1.50,P=0.026),whether in Wuhan(OR=0.73,P=0.056;OR=0.63,P=0.002);and for reducing unnecessary parties the factors were gender(OR=1.97,P<0.001),group age(OR=2.94,P<0.001;OR=3.00,P=0.002;OR=3.33,P=0.003),education level(OR=0.52,P=0.032;OR=0.61,P=0.097),whether in Wuhan(OR=0.69,P=0.094;OR=0.58,P=0.006).Conclusions During the COVID-19 epidemic,Chinese residents did a good job in
作者
唐丽娜
盖琴宝
邓文清
王卫东
TANG Li-na;GAI Qin-bao;DENG Wen-qing;WANG Wei-dong(National Survey Research Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Management,Shandong Foreign Affairs Vocational University,Weihai 264200,China)
出处
《中华疾病控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期389-394,共6页
Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention
基金
中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金。
