摘要
本文力图廓清言说动词、言语行为动词、施为动词这3个密切相关的概念之间的联系和区别,并穷尽性地搜寻出汉语中这3类动词的具体成员。我们认为,言说动词、言语行为动词和施为动词之间是一种逐层包含的关系。词汇层面上指称语言性动作行为的词就是言说动词,作为指称语言性行为的言说动词,其语义中必然包括语义特征"用嘴说话",即[言语性]。词汇层面上指称言语行为的动词就是言语行为动词,言语行为动词的基本功能在于阐释人们的言语行为,语义重心在于说话行为本身而不是说话的方式,其语义中必包含语义特征[言语行为]。施为动词指那些能用于施为式中"通过讲出某一言语而完成某种施事行为"即"言有所为"的动词,其语义中必包含语义成分:[言语行为]+[在线自返]。
This paper seeks to clarify the links and differences among three closely related concepts of linguistic behavior verbs, speech act verbs and performative verbs, and to find out exhaustively the individual members of these three kinds of verbs in Chinese. We argue that the relationships between linguistic behavior verbs, speech act verbs and performative verbs are inclusion relations layer by layer. Linguistic behavior verbs are those words which refer to linguistic behaviors, whose semantics must include semantic feature[verbal]. Speech act verbs are those words which refer to speech acts, whose primary function consists in interpreting people’s speech acts, not in performing speech acts. Performative verbs are those words which can be used in explicit performatives to perform speech acts, whose semantics must include semantic features [speech act] and [on-line reflexivity].
作者
吴剑锋
Wu Jian-feng(School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《外语学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期48-53,共6页
Foreign Language Research
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“语言接触视角下的皖西赣语语法比较研究”(20BYY042)的阶段性成果。
关键词
言说动词
言语行为动词
施为动词
linguistic behavior verbs
speech act verbs
performative verbs
