摘要
在过去的几个世纪,发酵工程经历了以生产食品等生活资料为主的自然发酵过程,转变为以生产生活资料和工业基础资料并重的代谢控制发酵过程。在此过程中,发酵工程经历了天然发酵阶段、纯种发酵阶段、深层发酵阶段等,在菌种选育、过程控制、分离技术等方面有了长足发展。近30年来,生物技术的迅速发展,为新时代发酵工程的发展提供了重要的基础,使得科学家和工程技术人员可以利用发酵工程实现更多的目标,实现对其他行业的支撑作用,如医药行业、食品工业、农业和畜牧业、能源与材料、纺织、造纸与皮革工业、日化行业、环境生态等。进入21世纪,人类的可持续发展与生态环境、资源能源等矛盾日益突出,如何发挥发酵工程的关键作用,也是发酵工程研究人员的一个主要任务。系统生物学、合成生物学、生物信息技术、先进材料科学的发展,也给发酵工程带来了很多革命性的提升。采用先进的生物技术,可以实现好氧发酵转厌氧发酵、发酵食品微生物群落的人工合成、构建自养型微生物发酵工厂、人工合成酶等一系列前所未有的转变,发酵工程可以更好完成未来更为艰巨的挑战。
In the past few centuries,fermentation engineering has experienced the conversion from natural fermentation into metabolic engineering.The fermentation products were also shifted from food and other means of life to more basic industrial materials.Has made great progress in strain selection,process control,separation technology,etc.In the past three decades,the rapid development of biotechnology has provided an important foundation for the development of fermentation engineering in the new era,enabling scientists and engineers to achieve more goals through fermentation engineering,and supporting other industries,such as pharmaceutical industry,food industry,agriculture and animal husbandry,energy and materials,textile,paper and leather industry,daily chemical industry,environment and ecology.In the 21st century,the contradiction between human sustainable development and ecological environment,resources and energy is increasingly prominent.How to play the key role of fermentation engineering is also a major task of fermentation engineering researchers.The developments of systems biology,synthetic biology,bioinformatics,advanced materials science and so on have also significantly revolutionized fermentation engineering.The utilization of advanced biotechnology can achieve a series of unprecedented changes,such as the transformation of aerobic fermentation to anaerobic fermentation,the artificial synthesis of microbial community of fermented food,the construction of autotrophic microbial fermentation plant,artificial synthetase,etc.,so that more difficult challenges in the future could be successfully accomplished by fermentation engineering.
作者
周景文
高松
刘延峰
李江华
堵国成
陈坚
ZHOU Jingwen;GAO Song;LIU Yanfeng;LI Jianghua;DU Guocheng;CHEN Jian(National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;School of Biotechnology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)
出处
《食品与生物技术学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期1-11,共11页
Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
基金
国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1600403)
国家优秀青年科学基金项目(21822806)。
关键词
发酵工程
系统生物学
合成生物学
高通量筛选
食品生物技术
fermentation engineering
systems biology
synthetic biology
high throughput screening
food biotechnology
