摘要
Neuronal cell death is the main hallmark of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is an irreversible process promoted by neurotoxins and/or genetic mutations.Different types of cell death have been associated with PD.The mechanisms by which neurons decide to specific type of cell death remain elusive.However,it is well known that cell death can be either programmed or not.Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that involves the release of cytochrome c from damaged mitochondria to cytosol and the activation of caspases leading to nuclear condensation.Necrosis is a caspase-independent cell death characterized by a gain in cell volume,rupture of plasma membrane and leak of cell contents,inflammation,and affects neighbouring cells.It was classified as a nonprogrammed cell death,but there are types of necrotic death triggered by a protein activation cascade,including necroptosis.
基金
This work was supported by grants from Junta de Extremadura,Spain,No.IB18048(to EAC),the ONCE Foundation(to GMC)
the Isabel Gemio Foundation(to SMSYD)
the Instituto de Salud Carlos III,CIBERNED,No.CB06/05/004(to JMF)
partially supported by the“Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional”(FEDER)from the European Union.
