摘要
探寻少数民族就业结构失衡的原因,促进少数民族就业结构的优化转型,是实现新疆社会稳定与长治久安的客观要求。本文利用调研数据,运用无序多分类Logistic模型与Oaxaca分解模型,从族际职业差异视角对新疆少数民族就业结构失衡的原因进行实证分析。结果表明:汉语水平低以及由此导致的受教育程度低是新疆少数民族就业结构失衡的主要原因,区域经济发展失衡、兵团与地方体制性差异等也对这一问题产生了重要的影响。从影响程度来看,族际职业差异的93.29%~96.52%由个体属性差异导致,其中48.92%~73.69%由汉语水平与受教育程度属性差异导致,而仅有3.48%~6.71%由民族属性差异导致。对此,本文提出了加快国家通用语言普及进程、落实各级考试与就业优惠政策、加快少数民族人口集中地区经济发展、鼓励少数民族劳动力在区域间及兵地间自由流动等政策建议。
It is an objective requirement to realize long-term stability and peace in Xinjiang by exploring the imbalance causes of minorities'employment structure which should be optimized and transformed in time.From the perspective of inter-ethnic employment differences,based on the survey data in Xinjiang's labor market,this article analyzes the causes of imbalance of minorities'employment structure by using the multiple classification disordered Logistic model and the Oaxaca model.Results show that low level of national common language and the resulting low level of education are the main reasons for the imbalance of minorities'employment structure in Xinjiang,and the unbalanced regional economic development and the institutional differences between the Corps and the local are also play an important role.In terms of impact degree,inter-ethnic occupational differences can be explained by individual attributes to the degree of 93.29%~96.52%,of which 48.92%~73.69%are caused by the level of education and national common language,but national identity is contributed to it only from 3.48%to 6.71%.Therefore,this paper puts forward policy suggestions such as accelerating the popularization progress of the national common language,expanding favorable policy in all level exams and in all kinds of employment,strengthening economic development in minority areas,encouraging minority labors move freely among regions or between Xinjiang corps and the local,and so on.
作者
欧阳金琼
董鸿宁
刘凤林
OUYANG Jinqiong;DONG Hongning;LIU Fenglin
出处
《社会保障研究》
CSSCI
2020年第6期25-36,共12页
Social Security Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“产业转型升级背景下新疆少数民族就业结构的演变与优化研究”(17BGL148)的阶段性成果。
关键词
新疆
少数民族
就业结构
Oaxaca分解模型
族际职业差异
Xinjiang
ethnic minorities
employment structure
Oaxaca mode
inter-ethnic occupational differences
