摘要
"基因编辑婴儿"事件(以下简称"事件")的发生引发了学界对基因编辑技术法律规制问题的广泛关注。在我国相关民法规范体系滞后于基因编辑技术发展的情况下,为了保护事件中被侵权人的民事权益,明确被侵权人提出损害赔偿的请求权基础显得尤为重要。由于我国现行卫生立法并未明确界定"医疗行为"等原因,目前学界对事件中侵权行为的法律性质存在争议,这首先反映在对人类胚胎基因编辑这一行为的法律性质认识模糊。由此将导致司法实践中法院适用法律依据错误,影响侵权损害的认定和评价,使被侵权人不能获得有效的法律救济。以人类胚胎基因编辑为切入点,对事件中侵权行为的法律性质进行了深入辨析。从行为目的角度来看,人类胚胎基因编辑属于临床试验,而不属于医疗行为;同时,人类胚胎基因编辑对于基因编辑婴儿是非治疗性临床试验,对于受试者又是治疗性临床试验。事件中侵权人实施的整体行为是由辅助生殖的医疗行为和人类胚胎基因编辑的临床试验构成,因此事件中的侵权行为包含非法行医和临床试验两种侵权行为。由于事件中的侵权人构成违约责任和侵权责任的竞合,被侵权人可以根据《合同法》或《侵权责任法》的规定择一主张损害赔偿。
The occurrence of the gene-editing baby event has aroused the extensive attention of the academic community on the legal regulation of gene-editing technology.Under the circumstance that China’s civil law system lags behind the development of gene-editing technology,it is more important to clarify the basis of claim for damages in order to protect the civil rights and interests of the infringed in the event.As China’s current health law does not clearly define"medical behavior"and other reasons,there are still some disputes about the legal nature of the infringement in the event,which is firstly reflected in the vague understanding of the legal nature of human embryo gene editing.This may lead to the wrong basis of the judge’s application of law and the infringed’s choice of claim,which may affect the determination and evaluation of the damage and make the infringed unable to obtain effective legal relief.Taking human embryo gene editing as the cutting point,this paper made an in-depth analysis on the legal nature of tort in the event.From the perspective of behavioral ends,human embryo gene editing is a clinical trial,not a medical practice.Meanwhile,for gene-edited babies,it was a non-therapeutic clinical trial,and for subjects,it was a therapeutic clinical trial.The overall behavior of the infringer in the incident is composed of the medical behavior of assisted reproduction and the clinical trial of gene editing in human embryos.Therefore,the infringement in the event involves both the infringement of illegal medical practice and the infringement of clinical trial.Since the infringer in the event constitutes the concomitant of the liability for breach of contract and the liability for infringement,the infringed may claim damages according to the provisions of the contract law or the tort liability law.
作者
黄鹏
Huang Peng(Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)
出处
《中国卫生法制》
2020年第6期38-42,79,共6页
China Health Law
基金
上海市卫生健康委员会基金面上项目“基因编辑技术侵权的法律规制研究”(201740161)。
