摘要
【目的】研究我国不同地区间各种饲料原料中砷含量分布情况及不同饲料原料中砷含量超标情况,确定砷污染高风险原料为严控饲料砷含量,防止饲料砷超标提供科学依据,更为饲料企业科学制定重金属砷的品控方案提供数据支持。【方法】利用离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体-质谱联用仪(IC-ICP-MS)对采自全国31个省、直辖市和自治区的40种共4054个主要畜禽饲料原料中砷含量进行测定。【结果】这40种饲料原料的平均砷含量范围为5.21—13292.0μg·kg-1之间,而各类饲料原料砷含量分布规律是:矿物质饲料(5018.6μg·kg-1)>动物性蛋白饲料(1704.8μg·kg-1)>秸秆类饲料(1239.0μg·kg-1)>牧草类饲料(500.3μg·kg-1)>谷类籽实加工副产品(329.24μg·kg-1)>植物性蛋白饲料(72.99μg·kg-1)>谷类籽实(38.07μg·kg-1)。同时发现,谷物籽实及其副产物与秸秆类饲料的砷分布规律:玉米秸>副产物(玉米蛋白粉、喷浆玉米皮、玉米DDGS)>玉米籽实;小麦秸>副产物(小麦麸、小麦DDGS、次粉)>小麦籽实;稻秸>副产物(米糠、脱脂米糠)>稻谷>碎米,是因为谷物植株在生长过程中对砷的富集能力排序:根>叶>茎>谷壳>米粒。通过比较不同省(区)玉米、小麦和豆粕的砷含量发现,不同省(区)同一种饲料原料的砷含量均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。根据国家饲料卫生标准,在对40种饲料原料砷含量超标率的统计中发现,谷物籽实类饲料、植物蛋白类饲料及牧草类饲料的砷含量均未超标;而谷物籽实加工副产品中的脱脂米糠砷超标率为2.8%,其他未超标;动物蛋白中鱼粉砷超标率5.3%,其他未超标;秸秆类饲料中稻秸砷超标率27.4%,其他未超标;矿物质饲料中石粉与磷酸氢钙砷含量超标率分别为30.8%和60%,其他未超标。不同饲料的砷含量超标率:磷酸氢钙>石粉>稻秸>鱼粉>脱脂米糠。【结论】以上结果表明:不同种类和不同地区饲料原料中砷含量差�
【Objective】The aim of this survey was to study the arsenic(As)contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces in China,providing a scientific basis for controlling As contents in the feed ingredients,and even for guiding feed companies to establish a scientific process on As detection.【Method】A total of 40 types of 4054 feed samples were collected from 31 provinces,municipalities and regions,and then the As contents of them were measured by Ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(IC-ICP-MS).【Result】The results showed that the average As contents of these 40 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 5.21 to 13292.0μg·kg-1,and the distribution of As contents in different species of feed ingredients was as follows:mineral ingredients(5018.6μg·kg-1)>animal ingredients(1704.8μg·kg-1)>straw ingredients(1239.0μg·kg-1)>pasture ingredients(500.3μg·kg-1)>cereal by-products(329.24μg·kg-1)>plant protein ingredients(72.99μg·kg-1)>cereals(38.07μg·kg-1).Meanwhile,the distribution of As contents of cereals,cereal by-products and straw ingredients was as follows:corn straw>corn by-products(corn gluten meal,spray corn cortex and corn DDGS)>corn;wheat straw>wheat by-products(wheat bran,wheat DDGS and wheat middling)>wheat;rice straw>rice by-products(rice bran and defatted rice bran)>rice>broken rice,which concerned the capacities of different parts of cereals gathering As from soil and water,root>leaf>stem>chaff>grain.The results in comparison with As contents of corn,wheat or soybean meal from different provinces(regions)are extremely significant(P<0.01)respectively,demonstrating As contents among same type of samples from different regions are significant also.Moreover,the ratios of As contents exceeding the limit standard,based on hygienical standard for feeds,have been calculated among the 40 kinds of feed ingredients.As contents in cereals,plant protein ingredients and pasture ingredients were under the limit standard.Nevertheless,As contents of only defatted rice b
作者
张铁鹰
张丽阳
刘俊丽
廖朝勇
吕林
廖秀冬
罗绪刚
ZHANG TieYing;ZHANG LiYang;LIU JunLi;LIAO ChaoYong;LÜLin;LIAO XiuDong;LUO XuGang(Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期4507-4515,共9页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家科技部科技基础性工作专项(2014FY111000)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费(ASTIP-IAS09)
关键词
饲料原料
砷含量
猪
鸡
feedstuff
arsenic contents
pig
chicken
