摘要
2018年6月中旬,作者在黑龙江省帽儿山5种不同生境中各投放20只鸡雏尸体。通过人为观察记录、捕抓和相机监控等方式,研究了不同时期葬甲虫与其他食腐动物之间对尸体的竞争情况。结果表明,尸体在投放后的72 h内全部被完全利用。记录到参与尸体分解的动物共计5纲8目15科24种,其中包括5种葬甲虫。葬甲虫在竞争过程中属于优势地位群体,其通过将尸体埋葬在土壤下,共利用了71%的尸体;其次是食腐类脊椎动物,通过将尸体叼离原地或在原地取食,共利用27%;苍蝇、蚂蚁等无脊椎动物,仅利用2%。在尸体投放到林区后的24 h内,各食腐动物对尸体竞争最激烈。葬甲虫是各时期中最活跃的群体,对各个生境中尸体利用效率最高。6—24 h时间段是葬甲虫与食腐类脊椎动物对尸体竞争最激烈的时间段。随着时间的推移,葬甲虫在每个时间段利用的尸体数占剩余尸体总数的比例呈先增后减的趋势;食腐类脊椎动物在每个时间段利用的尸体数占剩余尸体总数的比例逐渐减少。啮齿类动物是与葬甲虫竞争最激烈的食腐脊椎动物,其造成尸体丢失多发生在夜间;苍蝇类等无脊椎动物最早接触尸体,但前期阶段不能完全利用尸体,多在后期将尸体分解至残骸。
In mid-June 2018,we placed 20 chicken carcasses in each of five distinct habitats in the Mao ershan forest,Heilongjiang Province.We investigated the competition for carcasses between burying beetles and other scavengers in different periods by onsite observation,capture and camera monitoring.The results showed that the carcasses were completely consumed within 72 hours after placement.A total of 24 species of carrion feeders,representing 5 classes,8 orders,and 15 families were recorded feeding on the carcasses,including 5 species of burying beetle.Burying beetles were a dominant group in the competition,using 71%of the carcasses by burying them in the soil.Beetles were followed by saprophytic vertebrates,who used 27%of the bodies by removing them or feeding in situ.Invertebrates such as flies and ants used only 2%of carcasses.Scavengers competed most fiercely for the carcasses within 24 hours of carcass placement in the forest.Burying beetles were the most active group in each period and the most efficient user of carcasses in each habitat.The burying beetles and scavenging vertebrates compete most aggressively during the period from 6:00 to 24:00 hours.As time went on,the proportion of the carcasses used by burying beetles to the total number of remaining carcasses in each period increased and then decreased.The proportion of the number of the carcasses used by scavenging vertebrates to the total number of remaining carcasses gradually decreased at each time period.Rodents were the most common vertebrate scavengers and they competed with burying beetles.The removal of carcasses usually occurred at night.Flies and other invertebrates were the first to contact the carcasses.They did not fully use the carcasses during the early stages after placement but they decomposed carcasses during the late stage.
作者
赵圣军
陶珊慧
冯子洋
张文文
许青
ZHAO Shengjun;TAO Shanhui;FENG Ziyang;ZHANG Wenwen;XU Qing(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing,210042,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2020年第3期683-690,共8页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
葬甲虫
尸体
竞争
食腐动物
Burying beetle
Carcasses
Competition
Scavengers
