摘要
近代中国“民”观念转型的既有研究存在西域现代性的思维预设,缺乏古今中西交汇的动态过程意识,鲜有关注思想界的据理而为与顺势而变。历时性比较康有为与梁启超关于“民”的观念变化,可以透析思想界把脉中国命运的内在分途,揭示清末中国命运和历史道路的时代选择。康梁起初旨在一揽子拯救中华文明的系统危机,却抵不住外来之势的冲击,即便后者顺势而为,寄托近代日本的“民”观念,亦无力应世变,终为革命派所唾。据此,近代中国“民”观念转型呈现四步曲的激进化过程,即以古释今、以中释西、以西释中、以西化中。其中,在戊戌变法前后,康梁师徒联袂一体,从儒家传统孕育现代“民”观念,同时吸纳进化论、议会、民主等西方传统。在变法失败之后,康有为继续完备“三世说”,而梁启超转信东洋化的西学。赴美经历使梁看似回归保守,却回不到康的学说,而是切换至另一西学传统,即国家主义。更激进的革命派重拾其丢弃的民主主义武器,用西方的一种学说批判另一种学说,完成近代中国的“民”观念转型。“民”观念转型的激进化逻辑为西方不同学说开启新一轮实验,生动揭示历史的文化主义与反历史的民族主义两种导向之间的交替与复线历史。
The existent research of the transformation of Min Concept in the late Qing Dynasty is largely framed in Western modernity, lacking of traditional theoretical path and dynamic conversation.In this paper there comes a diachronic comparison of Min idea between Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, in which we can find an inner divergence of diagnose about the crisis and future of early modern China. In the works of Kang and Liang the four radical steps of the transformation, from explaining the present with traditional thought, explaining the West with Chinese thought, explaining China with the Western thought, and finally, to reforming China with the Western tools. Until the Revolution of 1911, the reformers made an attempt to build up the modern Min concept based on Confucian tradition and absorbed the ideas of Western democracy. After the failure of the Revolution, Liang shifted himself to another Western tradition Nationalism. The more radical reformers completed the transformation of Min concept in the process of criticizing one Western theory with another. The evolution of Min concept demonstrated the huge gap between historical culturalism and anti-historical nationalism.
作者
郭台辉
Guo Taihui(Institute of National Politics,Yunnan Unwersity,Kunming 650091,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期188-196,共9页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
2017年度国家社科基金重点课题“中国政治学话语体系的依赖性与自主性问题研究”(项目批准号:17AZZ002)的阶段性成果
关键词
“民”观念
转型四步曲
康有为
梁启超
Min idea transformation
four radical steps
Kang Youwei
Liang Qichao
