摘要
为了解旱作区双免耕覆盖下冬小麦旗叶光合特性及根系分布特征,通过试验测定和分析了双免耕覆盖冬小麦旗叶叶绿素相对含量、光合有效辐射、光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率等光合参数,以及根长密度和根干重密度与传统耕作(对照)的差异。结果表明,与对照相比,双免耕覆盖下冬小麦旗叶叶绿素相对含量、光合有效辐射、净光合速率分别增加了11.2%、20.5%、31.7%,胞间CO2浓度降低12.68%,蒸腾速率、叶片瞬时水分利用效率、气孔限制值分别平均提高13.1%、16%和30.7%。双免耕覆盖下冬小麦开花期和灌浆期根长密度在行内平均较对照分别提高47.13%和14.43%,在行间平均分别提高38.18%和33.61%;两个时期的根干重密度在行内平均分别增加21.44%和14.42%,在行间平均分别提高19.96%和12.56%。双免耕覆盖下冬小麦产量为4872.0kg·hm^-2,较对照增产18.4%,差异达极显著水平。由此说明双免耕覆盖可促进旱作冬小麦光合作用及根系生长发育,有利于其高产。
In order to understand the photosynthetic characteristics and root distribution characteristics of winter wheat flag leaf under double no-tillage with mulch(NT),the photosynthetic parameters,such as chlorophyll relative content,photosynthetic effective radiation,photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,as well as root length density and root dry weight density were measured by experiments,and their differences among NT and CK(conventional tillage)were analyzed.The results showed that the relative content of chlorophyll,photosynthetic effective radiation and net photosynthetic rate of winter wheat under NT were all higher than those of the CK,which increased by 11.2%,20.5%and 31.7%,respectively.In winter wheat,the intercellular CO2 concentration of NT was 12.68%lower than that of CK.Transpiration rate under NT increased by 13.1%compared with CK on average,instantaneous water use efficiency increased by 16%on average,and stomatal limit value of winter wheat increased by 30.7%on average.The averages of root length density of winter wheat under NT at anthesis and grain-filling stages were 47.13%and 14.43%higher than that of CK,and 38.18%and 33.61%higher than CK,respectively.The averages of root dry weight density under NT at the stages was 21.44%and 14.42%higher than CK,and 19.96%and 12.56%higher than CK,respectively.The yield of winter wheat under NT was 4872.0 kg·hm^-2,and was significantly higher than CK by 18.4%.This indicated that double no-tillage with mulch could promote photosynthesis and root growth of winter wheat in dryland,and then increased wheat yield.
作者
邵运辉
李俊红
岳俊芹
丁志强
张德奇
方保停
杨程
SHAO Yunhui;LI Junhong;YUE Junqin;DING Zhiqiang;ZHANG Deqi;FANG Baoting;YANG Cheng(Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China;Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site of China Academy,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期843-849,共7页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300700)。
关键词
旱作区
双免耕覆盖
冬小麦
光合特性
根系分布
产量
Dryland
Double no-tillage with mulch
Winter wheat
Photosynthetic characteristics
Root distribution
Yield
