摘要
契约文明是人类关于契约的认识和实践的所有成果的总和,其核心是契约以及签署契约的条件、主客体、履行和违反契约之救济的规范体系。为了更好地理解契约及其各种关系所蕴含的文明、进步因子,以古代西亚为中心,缕陈契约文明产生过程中的债务关系为起点,探寻早期商业贸易的兴起轨迹,追溯契约的诞生历程,梳理早期契约的类型,凸现早期契约成文化和法典化的遗存,大体勾勒出人类社会早期法律文明之一--契约文明的远古图景,揭示契约之治系人类社会法治化状态的起点。随着法治成为现代国家治理理念、治理依据与治理范式的理性选择,契约关系及契约文明成为人类社会法治文明的基石。以2020年颁布的《民法典》等为核心,我国业已建立了一个比较完备的契约法体系,但坚持不懈地追求契约之治,推动契约文明的进步,对推进法治中国建设仍是大有裨益的。
The contractual civilization is the sum of all achievements of human beings in the understanding and practice of the contract. The core of contractual civilization includes the contract, the condition for signing the contract, the subject and object, and the normative system of performance and remedies for breaching of the contract. In order to better understand the contract, and the civilization and progressing factors contained in its various relations, the research focused on the Ancient Near East should start from narrating in detail the debt relations in the generation process of contractual civilization to explore the rise of early commercial trade, trace the birth of the contract, highlight the remains of the codification of contract in the early stage, outline the ancient landscape of the contractual civilization as one of the early legal civilizations of human society, and reveal that the rule of contract is the origination of the rule of law in human society. With the rule of law becoming the rational choice for governance concept, governance basis and governance paradigm of modern countries, contractual relationship and contractual civilization have become the cornerstone of legal civilization in human society. Taking the Civil Code enacted in 2020 and other laws as the core, China has established a relatively complete contract law system. It is still beneficial to persistently pursue the rule of contract and promote the progress of contractual civilization in advancing the construction of the rule of law in China.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期89-109,共21页
China Legal Science
基金
2011年度国家社科基金重大项目“法律文明史”(项目批准号:11&ZD081)子课题“古代近东法”的阶段性成果。
