摘要
日本自古便时有疫病流行,19世纪后,霍乱、鼠疫等输入型疫病进入日本,造成了重大人员和财产损失,阻碍了近代日本社会经济的发展。为预防疫病发生、降低损失,控制疫情蔓延,日本政府在积极引进西方现代医疗技术手段的同时,从法制化、程序化等管理体制层面入手,进行了一系列改革。与此同时,日本在民众中进行破除迷信的宣传,普及卫生防疫科学知识,培养良好的个人卫生习惯,建立公共卫生体系。当今社会,疫病种类和特征发生了巨大变化,近代以来形成的卫生防疫措施在诸多方面已经不能应对新的疫病危机,但是近代日本在较短时间内完成从传统向现代医疗卫生体系过渡的做法,依然值得当代社会借鉴。
Japan has been a country with frequent epidemic diseases since ancient times.Since the 19th century,imported diseases such as cholera and plague entered into Japan,causing heavy losses of people and property and hindering the development of modern Japanese society and economy.In order to prevent the occurrence of the disease,reduce the loss and delay the spread of the disease,the Japanese government,while actively introducing modern Western medical technology,had carried out a series of reforms from the legal,procedural and other aspects of the management system.In particular,the measures taken to break down superstition and publicize the science of health and epidemic prevention have played an important role in the reconstruction of Japanese personal hygiene and public health system.Nowadays,the types and characteristics of epidemics have undergone great changes,and the health care and epidemic prevention measures formed since modern times are no longer adapted to the characteristics of new epidemics in many aspects.However,the experience of the remarkable transition from traditional to modern medical and health system of modern Japan is still worthy of contemporary society s reference.
作者
权彤
石涛
QUAN Tong;SHI Tao(School of Foreign Languages,Shanxi University;School of Economics and Management,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030006,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期65-78,共14页
Collected Papers of History Studies
关键词
日本
疫病
《传染病预防法》
Japan
epidemic disease
Infectious Disease Prevention Law
