摘要
尽管《刑法修正案(八)》降低了污染环境罪的入罪门槛,但仍然采用事后处罚的传统规制模式,这种规制模式具有滞后性。污染环境罪的危害具有扩散性、隐蔽性、难以恢复性、隐型恶化性等特点,侵害的法益不限于特定法益,往往危及人类命运共同体的安全。从人类命运共同体理念出发,不难发现传统事后惩罚的规制模式越来越不适应规制污染环境罪的需要。国外污染环境罪的治理理念与规制模式启示我们,要实现人类的可持续发展与繁荣,不能僵化地固守刑法谦抑原则,而应必须正视现实,用法益保护早期化的规制模式替代污染环境罪中的事后惩罚规制模式。在具体规制时宜采用三个层次规制污染环境罪,即对环境危险犯,刑法应配置较低的法定性;对环境实害犯,应配置较重的法定刑,并增加环境修复附加刑;在对人身财产、环境造成损害和污染,并对人类利益造成侵害时,应按照结果加重犯的处罚规则予以加重处罚。
Although The Criminal Law Amendment( 8 th Edition) reduces the threshold for environmental pollution crime,the traditional regulation mode of post-mortem punishment is still adopted. This regulatory model has lagged behind the real society. The harm of environmental pollution crime is characterized by diffuseness,concealment,unsustainability,and insidious deterioration. The legal benefits of infringement are not limited to specific legal interests,and often endanger the safety of the community of shared future for mankind.Starting from the concept of the community of shared future for mankind,it is not difficult for us to find that the regulatory mode of traditional post-mortem punishment is becoming increasingly unsuitable for the need to regulate the crime of polluting the environment. The philosophies of governance and regulation model of environmental pollution crimes in other countries enlighten us that to achieve sustainable development and prosperity of human beings,we should not rigidly adhere to the moderation principles,but face up to the reality and replace the ex post punishment regulation mode in environmental pollution crimes with the early regulation mode of beneficial protection. Three levels of regulation of environmental pollution should be used in specific regulations.As for environmentally dangerous crimes,the criminal law should be configured with low legal punishment;for environmentally harmful crimes,severe legal punishments should be allocated,and additional penalties for environmental restoration should be added;thirdly,when the crimes damage personal property,pollute the environment and harm human interests,the punishment shall be more severe in accordance with the penalty provisions for aggravated consequence consequential crimes.
作者
倪传洲
NI Chuanzhou(Law school,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)
出处
《昆明理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第2期17-24,共8页
Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“现代风险的治理与非传统安全的刑法保障”(13AFX011)。
关键词
污染环境罪
人类命运共同体
保护早期化
规制模式
environment polluting crime
the community of shared future for mankind
early protection of legal interest
regulatory mode
