摘要
1790年从承德到北京举行的乾隆皇帝八十寿庆,是18世纪后期清朝的一个重要事件。本文把这一事件放在中国史、亚洲史和世界史的不同背景中讨论。第一,如果从中国史角度看,18世纪后期似乎仍是盛世或巅峰;第二,如果从亚洲史角度看,1790年的清朝与周边,未必是稳定的(政治的)朝贡圈或(文化的)共同体;第三,如果从世界史角度看,18世纪后期中国在表面盛世之下,其实面对的却是相当严峻的历史困境。从这一事件中,我们可以进一步思考,为什么在中国史、亚洲史和世界史的不同视野中,同一个乾隆八十大寿庆典会呈现出不同的意义?现在我们应当采用哪一个尺度和标准,来评价一个历史事件?
In 1790, Emperor Qianlong held his 80 th birthday celebration from Chengde to Beijing. It is a crucial incident in the Qing Dynasty in the late 18 th Century. This article tried to discuss it in different backgrounds from Chinese history, Asian history and world history. First, from the perspective of Chinese history, a golden age was still seemingly witnessed in the late 18 th century. Second, from the perspective of Asian history, the Qing Dynasty and its circumjacent countries might not be bounded in a politically stable tributary circle or a cultural community. Third, from the world history, China in the late 18 th Century was faced with a severe challenge of historical predicament which was covered by the surface prosperity. From this incident we can take further consideration: why a birthday celebration shows different implications in different perspectives, and which standard or measure we can use to judge a historical incident?
作者
葛兆光
Ge Zhaoguang(National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期21-31,共11页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
关键词
乾隆
盛世
朝贡圈
中国史
亚洲史
世界史
Emperor Qianlong
golden age
tributary circle
Chinese history
Asian history
world history
