摘要
当下我国学前儿童戏剧教育作为一个新兴领域渐成学界热点,面对主流实践中“儿童剧演出”和“表演区游戏”存在的诸多问题,学前儿童戏剧教育的理论探索尤显必要和迫切。学前儿童戏剧经验建构的特殊性和我国幼儿园教育场域的特殊性都要求我们必须超越西方教育戏剧和创造性戏剧两大范式,提出生长戏剧的概念。学前儿童戏剧教育应遵从学前儿童戏剧经验建构的规律,在真实情境与虚构情境的不断转换中,促发“角色—情节—对话”的螺旋上升式生长形态,在生长环境剧场中丰富和完善儿童自己的戏剧作品。儿童戏剧经验生长的外部条件依存于情境,而情境则可具体外化为环境剧场富有生机的建构;儿童戏剧经验生长的内部条件则是教师引导儿童对戏剧话题进行不断的探索,实现教师和儿童多元身份的不断转换。只有这样才能改变当前剧本先行、教师中心和镜框式舞台的弊端,迈向角色先行、儿童中心、关注环境剧场的生长戏剧。
As a new field,drama education for preschool children in China is becoming a hot topic in the academic circles.In the face of many problems existing in the mainstream practice of“theatrical performances by children”and“dramatic play”in China,it is necessary and urgent to explore and lead the theory of preschool children’s drama education,and take the practice seriously.The research proposes the paradigm of Growing Drama,giving the insight into the particularity of two levels,including preschool children’s drama experience construction and kindergarten education in China,inheriting and surpassing the two main paradigms of Drama in Educational and Creative Drama in the west.The proposition of Growing Drama means that preschool children’s drama education should follow the rule of preschool children’s drama experience construction,promoting the organic growth of“role-plot-discourse”in the continuous transformation between the real situation and the fictional situation,and making drama by children themselves in the construction of growing environmental theatre.There are two conditions of children’s drama experience in growing.The external condition depends on situations,which is externalized as a vigorous construction of environmental theatre;the internal conditions are that teachers guide preschool children to explore theatrical topics,and the continuous change on multiple identities of teachers and preschool children.Thus,it is from script-first,teacher-centered and stage-framed to role-first,children-centered,and environmental theatre that points out the direction and path for the theory and practice of drama education for preschool children in China,and construct and contribute a new paradigm for preschool children’s drama education in the world.
作者
张金梅
Jinmei Zhang(School of Education,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai Campus,Zhuhai 519087 China)
出处
《学前教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第10期71-84,共14页
Studies in Early Childhood Education
基金
教育部教师工作司“基于学生学习行为的教师专业发展研究”(批准号:2017JSSKT009)
关键词
生长戏剧
教育戏剧
戏剧教育
学前儿童
Growing Drama
educational drama
drama education
preschool children
