摘要
本文利用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,基于Grossman健康生产函数详细考察空气污染、社会经济地位对居民健康的影响机制及城乡异质性,进一步识别空气污染与社会经济地位协同作用对居民健康不平等的分化机制。研究结果显示在中国18岁及以上的成年人口中,社会经济地位较高的人群拥有更好的自评健康水平,这种群体健康分化主要来自社会经济地位正效应和空气污染负效应的综合影响。城乡居民之间的健康差异主要来自收入的绝对差异和偏效应差异以及社会阶层和教育水平的城乡差异。空气污染对居民健康不平等具有显著的分化机制,其作用途径是通过调整社会经济地位尤其是收入效应来实现的,这种分化机制在城市居民中表现得尤为突出。因此,相关政策的设计实施应该更加关注环境健康风险以及健康不平等的加剧:一是要加强环境规制,严控大气污染,降低居民整体暴露风险;二是要推进基本公共服务均等化,提高弱势群体应对健康风险的能力;三是要加强城乡教育培训的扶持力度,缓解收入差距和教育分化引致的健康不平等。
This paper uses the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data to examine the impact mecha nism of air pollution,socio-economic status on residents’health and urban-rural heterogeneity based on Grossman’s healthy production function,and further identifies air pollution and socio-economic status.The differentiation mechanism of synergy on residents’health inequality.The results of the study show that among Chinese adults aged 18 and over,people with higher socioeconomic status have better self-evalua tion health levels.The health differentiation of this group mainly comes from the combination of positive ef fects of social economic status and negative effects of air pollution.The health differences between urban and rural residents mainly come from the difference in absolute and partial effects of income,and the ur ban-rural differences in social classes and education levels.Air pollution has a significant differentiation mechanism for residents’health inequality.Its role is achieved by adjusting the social economic status,es pecially the income effect.This differentiation mechanism is particularly prominent among urban residents.Therefore,the design and implementation of relevant policies should pay more attention to environmental health risks and the intensification of health inequalities:First,we must strengthen environmental regula tions,strictly control air pollution,and reduce the overall exposure risks of residents;Second,we must pro mote equalization of basic public services and increase the vulnerability.The ability of the group to respond to health risks;The third is to strengthen the support of urban and rural education and training,and allevi ate the income inequality and the health inequalities caused by educational differentiation.
作者
孙猛
芦晓珊
SUN Meng;LU Xiaoshan(Center for Northeast Asian Studies,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China;Organizational Department of Party Committee,Changchun University,Changchun Jilin,130022,China)
出处
《人口学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期103-112,共10页
Population Journal
