摘要
文章在Grossman提出的健康生产函数基础上引入空气污染因素并以烟粉尘排放量作为代理变量,采用2000~2015年的省际面板数据实证分析空气污染对居民公共健康的影响。研究发现烟粉尘排放造成的大气颗粒物污染对我国居民公共健康的损害非常显著,当加入经济发展、公共卫生和环保绿化等因素后其影响程度出现明显减弱,经济发展和公共服务水平的提高有助于降低空气污染对居民的健康损害风险,这也是污染导致的健康损害风险省区间存在显著差异的重要原因。模型检验结果显示,公共医疗卫生支出对空气污染造成的健康损害风险的抑制作用呈现倒U型变化特征且拐点值较大,当前各省区公共卫生财政支出水平对居民因空气污染造成健康损害风险的抑制作用尚不明显,这主要与我国医疗卫生体系不完善和公共卫生服务的结构效应密切相关。公共卫生支出的拐点效应也表明居民自身为空气污染造成的健康损害承担更多的医疗卫生成本,这无疑对落后地区和贫困群体造成更大的经济负担,不利于实现空气污染治理的公平。今后应严格控制烟粉尘排放,提高公共医疗卫生和环保绿化设施等公共服务水平,有效降低居民暴露概率和污染带来的健康风险。
Based on the health production function proposed by Grossman, this paper introduces the air pol- lution factor and the smoke dust emission as the proxy variable. The effect of air pollution on the public health of the residents is analyzed by using the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015. It is found that the damage caused by the pollution of atmospheric dust caused by smoke and dust emissions is very significant to the public health of our residents. When the factors such as economic development, public health and greening are added, the degree of influence will be weakened obviously, and the level of economic develop- ment and public service can also help reduce the risk of health damage caused by air pollution to residents＇ health. This is also an important reason for the significant difference in the risk of pollution damage be- tween provinces. The results of the model test showed that the inhibitory effect of public health expenditure on the health risk of air pollution showed an inverted U-shaped change and the inflection point value was large. It is not obvious that the current level of public health expenditure was the effect of the residents＇ health damage risk caused by air pollution, which is mainly related to the imperfect health and health sys- tem and the structural effects of public health services. The inflection point effect of public health expendi- ture also shows that residents themselves bear more health costs for health damage to air pollution, which undoubtedly creates a greater economic burden on backward areas and poor groups, which is not conducive to the fairness of air pollution control. The policy implication is that strict control of smoke and dust emis- sions, improve public health and environmental protection and green facilities such as public service level, can effectively reduce the residents exposed probability and pollution health risks.
出处
《人口学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期5-13,共9页
Population Journal
基金
吉林大学种子基金项目:中国城市低碳生产率研究(2015BS002)
吉林大学种子基金项目:我国流动人口社会融入的区域比较及对策研究(2015ZZ047)
关键词
空气污染
公共健康
死亡率
医疗成本
Air Pollution, Public Health, Mortality Rate, Medical Costs
