摘要
传统的观点认为企业通常会采取保密、专利、复杂性等独占机制来保护其创新知识。然而,令人惊奇的是,在开放式创新和基于科学创新的大背景下,企业越来越频繁地采取开放科学的行为,自愿披露创新知识而非保密。针对这一有趣的现象,本文在企业开放科学行为理论内涵界定的基础上,重点从内部研究活动、产学合作、专利独占、R&D人员4个维度,针对我国企业的开放科学行为进行了计量分析,研究发现:(1)企业在科学开放性决策时,基础研究、应用研究、专利独占、产学合作、博士比例具有显著的影响作用,特别是博士比例的影响最为显著,而专利独占和R&D人员规模的影响均不显著。(2)企业在科学论文披露决策时,基础研究、应用研究、专利独占、博士比例的影响比较显著,而产学合作的影响却并不显著,这意味着产学合作中企业更关注的是技术难题的解决,而不是论文的发表。(3)专利独占对科学开放性的决策影响并不显著,但科学披露和专利独占之间却具有显著的互补性关系。本研究揭示了企业开放科学行为决策的重要影响因素与规律,进一步丰富了开放创新和基于科学创新的理论,对提升我国企业的科学能力提供了重要的理论依据与实践指导。
The traditional theory considers that firms usually using appropriability regime(i.e. Secrecy, patents, complexity etc.) to protect proprietary innovative knowledge. Surprisingly, firms are increasingly adopting open science behavior in the context of open innovation and scientific innovation. Our paper systematically studies the theoretical connotation of firm’s open science behavior. We conduct an econometric analysis with firm-level data from China, reveals the influencing factors of firms open science,from the four dimensions of internal research activities, industry and university cooperation, patent exclusivity and R&D personnel.We found that(1) Basic research, applied research, patent, industry-university collaboration and PhD researchers have significant impact on the open science decision, especially the influence of the PhD researchers is the most significant, However, the impact of patent and the size of researchers is not significant.(2) Basic research, applied research, patent and PhD researchers have significant impact on the scientific disclosure decision, but the impact of industry-university collaboration is not significant. This means that firms are more concerned about the solution of technical problems rather than the publication of papers.(3) Patent have no significant impact on the decision-making of scientific openness, but there is a significant complementary relationship between scientific disclosure and patent.Our research enriches the theory of open innovation and scientific innovation, provides an important theoretical basis for promoting the scientific ability of Chinese firms.
作者
张学文
田华
ZHANG Xue-wen;TIAN Hua(Bsiness School,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024 , China;School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China)
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期1353-1363,共11页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71640036)
河北省软科学重点项目(164576258D)
河北师范大学自然科学基金重点项目(L2017Z06)
关键词
开放科学
保密
知识披露
独占机制
企业科学能力
open science
secrecy
appropriability regime
knowledge disclosure
scientific ability of firms
