摘要
近几十年来,多有学者主张“意译词属外来词”,认为表达外来概念的词就是外来词、将意译词视为外来词有利于研究文化接触。本文在分析驳正这类错误观念的基础上提出,外来词界定应当坚持“译”“借”两分的基本原则,并确立了区分“译”“借”的分析标准;根据外来词界定的基本原则与分析标准,以英源外来词及汉英对译词为研究范围,全面分析10种译借方式的借用等级,构建出借用程度由高到低的等级序列:外语词>外来词>混合词>汉语词。认为广义的“外来词”只应包括外语词和狭义的外来词;混合词中既然有本源语言成分,就不是纯粹的外来词;“意译词”和“直译词”是外语对应词的译词,并非从外语借入的“词”,因而都属于汉语词。
This paper proposes that the definition of loanwords should adhere to the distinguishing between"translation"and"borrowing". Taking English-origin loanwords and corresponding Chinese-English words as the research scope, this paper constructs a hierarchical scale of borrowing: foreign words>loanwords>mixed words>Chinese words. It is considered that"loanwords"in a broad sense should only include foreign words and loanwords in its narrow sense. Mixed words have native language components, and therefore they are not pure loanwords."Liberal-translation-words"and"literal-translation-words"are translation of the corresponding foreign words, not words"borrowed"from a foreign language, therefore they are Chinese words.
出处
《汉语学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期67-77,96,共12页
Chinese Linguistics
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(编号:15JJD740006)
北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,编号:17PT02)经费支持
关键词
外来词
意译词
直译词
混合词
借用等级
loanwords
liberal-translation-words
literal-translation-words
mixed word
borrowing scale
