摘要
在飞机结构件加工中,大量应用五轴联动数控装备。企业装备的数控机床随着服役年限的日渐增长,普遍存在精度衰减问题,新一代飞机结构件进一步向着整体化、大型化、复杂化、薄壁化、轻量化方向发展,加工过程极易出现尺寸超差,以及因加工工艺不稳定而造成的表面质量缺陷等制造精度问题。加工精度还受到切削载荷、切削稳定性、刀具误差、工件变形、夹具变形等复杂因素的影响,飞机结构件切削工艺的一致性和稳定性差,极易因刀具磨损、破损、切削颤振而引起加工精度问题。国内外学者在数控加工精度控制方面开展了大量基础研究并取得丰硕成果。本文从数控机床误差建模方法、误差补偿方法、加工精度预测与控制、表面粗糙度预测与控制4个方面分别阐述,并结合飞机结构件的特点提出其数控加工精度控制关键技术需求。
Five-axis linkage CNC equipment is widely used in aircraft structural parts processing in the aviation field.With the increasing service life of CNC machine tools in enterprises,there is a widespread problem of precision degradation.The new generation of aircraft structural parts are further developing towards the direction of integration,large-scale,complexity,thin-walled and lightweight.Over-tolerance of dimension and surface quality defects caused by unstable processing technology are very easy to occur in the manufacturing process.The machining accuracy of aircraft structural parts is also affected by complex factors such as cutting load,cutting stability,tool error,workpiece deformation,fixture deformation,etc.The consistency and stability of cutting process are poor,which will easily cause machining accuracy problems due to tool wear,damage and cutting chatter,and have a significant impact on product processing efficiency and quality.Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of basic research on NC machining accuracy control,and achieved fruitful results.In this paper,the error modeling method,error compensation method,machining accuracy prediction and control,surface roughness prediction and control of NC machine tools were discussed respectively.Finally,the key technology of NC machining accuracy control of aircraft structural parts is put forward according to the characteristics of aircraft structural parts.
作者
熊青春
王家序
周青华
Xiong Qingchun;Wang Jiaxu;Zhou Qinghua(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Chengdu Aircraft Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610092,China)
出处
《航空科学技术》
2019年第7期8-19,共12页
Aeronautical Science & Technology
关键词
数控铣床
飞机结构件
误差建模
加工误差预测
加工精度控制
CNC milling machine
aircraft structural part
error modeling
prediction of machining error
machining accuracy control
