摘要
目的了解江苏省3~6周岁幼儿的食物选择、身体活动和BMI的现状,分析影响幼儿身体健康的因素,为制定干预对策提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法选取江苏省14所幼儿园1112名3~6周岁幼儿,通过问卷调查3~6周岁幼儿的基本信息、食物选择、身体活动及监护人信息等情况。结果江苏省幼儿的低体质量率为11.3%,超重肥胖率为29.3%,男幼儿的肥胖率高于女幼儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。幼儿每天摄入豆类、粗粮和5种及以上蔬菜的比例较低,摄入奶类比例随着年龄增加不断减少,摄入甜味饮料、甜味零食比例随着年龄增加不断增多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苏南和苏中幼儿摄入豆类、水果、奶类、主食的比例高于苏北幼儿,城市幼儿摄入水果、粗粮、主食、奶类、蔬菜的比例高于农村幼儿,农村幼儿摄入甜味饮料、甜味零食的比例高于城市幼儿,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。幼儿放学后和周末参加体育锻炼的比例较低,其中城市幼儿高于农村幼儿,苏南高于苏中,苏中高于苏北,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。幼儿步行上学比例随着年龄的增加不断增多,城市幼儿步行上学的比例高于农村幼儿,幼儿家长平时参加体育锻炼的比例苏南高于苏中和苏北,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。体质量正常幼儿和超重、肥胖幼儿摄入粗粮的比例、体质量正常幼儿和低体质量幼儿摄入蛋类的比例、肥胖幼儿和体质量正常幼儿摄入油炸食品的频率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论江苏省3~6岁幼儿的营养状况是男幼儿的超重肥胖率明显高于女幼儿,有部分幼儿存在膳食结构不平衡、身体活动不足的现象,低体质量、超重肥胖幼儿与体质量正常幼儿比有不良的饮食习惯,而且幼儿的食物选择和身体活动存在地区和城乡差异。
Objective To understand the status of food selection,physical activity,and BMI of children aged 3-6 years old in Jiangsu,analyze the influencing factors of physical health of children,and provide a reference for making f intervention countermeasures. Methods A cluster stratified sampling method was used to select 1 112 children aged 3-6 years old from 14 kindergartens in Jiangsu,the basic information,food selection,physical activity,and caregivers’ information of children aged 3-6 years old were investigated by a questionnaire. Results The incidence rates of low body weight and overweight-obesity among children aged 3-6 years old in Jiangsu were 11. 3% and 29. 3%,respectively. The incidence rate of obesity of boys was statistically significantly higher than that of girls( P<0. 05). The proportions of daily intake of beans,coarse grains,and 5 or more kinds of vegetables were low,the proportion of daily milk intake decreased with age,the proportions of daily intake of sweet drinks and sweet snacks increased with age( P<0. 05). The proportions of daily intake of beans,fruits,milk,and staple food among children in southern Jiangsu and middle Jiangsu were higher than those in northern Jiangsu;the proportions of daily intake of fruits,coarse grain,staple food,milks and vegetables in urban children were higher than those in rural children,the proportions of daily intake of sweet drinks and sweet snacks in rural children were higher than those in urban children( P<0. 05).The proportion of physical exercise every day after school and on weekends was low,which was higher in urban children compared with rural children,the proportion in southern Jiangsu was higher than that in central Jiangsu,and the proportion in central Jiangsu was higher than that in northern Jiangsu( P<0. 05). The proportion of children walking to school increased with age,the proportion of children walking to school increased in urban area was higher than that in rural area,the proportion of parents who usually participated in physical exercise in sou
作者
董爱霞
丁小燕
张蕴琨
DONG Ai-Xia;DING Xiao-Yan;ZHANG Yun-Kun(Department of Physical Education,Wuxi Institute of Technology,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214000,China)
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
2019年第14期3300-3305,共6页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
国家体育总局科研课题(2015B072)
江苏省学生体质健康促进研究中心课题(2018B026)
