摘要
目的:调查评估中国1~6岁儿童膳食结构、能量和营养素摄入情况。方法:通过多阶段随机抽样方法纳入11个省和2个直辖市的2 036例1~6岁儿童。以面对面访谈形式,采用辅以食物量化图片的在线膳食日记法收集膳食和营养素补充剂信息。基于《中国食物成分表》进行能量和营养素换算。参考《中国居民膳食指南》《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》进行评估。结果:该群体膳食结构不合理,不同月龄儿童均存在蔬菜、水果、蛋类、奶类及其制品和大豆及其制品的摄入不足,小于推荐量的人群占比为74.55%~95.13%、67.86%~85.84%、74.11%~82.74%、60.03%~91.15%、86.28%~94.25%。在营养素方面,不同月龄儿童在蛋白质、铁、磷、维生素C和维生素E的摄入方面均较为合理;而其对碳水化合物、钙、镁、维生素A、维生素B_1和维生素B_9的摄入量均偏低,小于平均需要量的人群占比分别为49.56%~76.98%、68.33%~96.02%、50.00%~65.10%、48.24%~69.47%、62.90%~92.48%、62.95%~85.78%。此外,13~24月龄幼儿维生素B_3和维生素B_(12)的摄入和37~72月龄儿童碘和维生素B_2的摄入也偏低。结论:调查的1~6岁儿童膳食结构不合理,部分营养素摄入不足的人群占比较高。需为该群体制定科学的营养计划,进而改善该群体的营养摄入,促进其健康、科学成长。
【Objective】To investigate and evaluate the dietary structure,energy and nutrient intake of children aged 1—6 years in China.【Method】Children aged 1—6 years in 11 provinces and 2 municipalities were recruited through a multi-stage random sampling method.Information on diet and nutrient supplements was collected in the form of face-to-face interviews using an online dietary diary method based on the help of quantitative food atlas.Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated based on China Food Composition Tables.The Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents and Chinese dietary reference intakes were referenced for assessment.【Result】The dietary data of 2036 children were finally analyzed.The dietary structure of this population was imbalanced;different age groups all had insufficient intakes of vegetables,fruits,eggs,milk and its products,and soybean and its products,with the proportions of children with insufficient intakes ranging from 74.55%—95.13%,67.86%—85.84%,74.11%—82.74%,60.03%—91.15%and 86.28%—94.25%,respectively.As for nutrients,the intake of protein,iron,phosphorus,vitamin C and vitamin E were reasonable in children of different ages.Carbohydrates,calcium,magnesium,vitamin A,vitamin B1 and vitamin B9 intakes were inadequate,with the proportions of children with intakes below Estimated Average Requirement ranging from 49.56%—76.98%,68.33%—96.02%,50.00%—65.10%,48.24%—69.47%,62.90%—92.48%and 62.95%—85.78%,respectively.Moreover,the intakes of vitamin B3 and vitamin B12 in 13~24 months old children as well as iodine and vitamin B2 in 37—72 months old children were insufficient.【Conclusion】The dietary structure of children aged 1—6 years in the survey was imbalanced,with the intakes of some nutrients being inadequate in a relatively high proportion of children.Scientific plans need to be developed for this population to promote their nutrition intake and to promote their healthy growth and development.
作者
丁叶
谢臻城
罗红良
潘涵
陆晓龙
汪之顼
DING Ye;XIE Zhen-cheng;LUO Hong-liang;PAN Han;LU Xiao-long;WANG Zhi-xu(Department of Maternal,Child and Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China;Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-transforming Nutrition,Shanghai 201204,China)
出处
《中国食物与营养》
2023年第11期82-88,共7页
Food and Nutrition in China
基金
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(公共卫生与预防医学)。
关键词
膳食调查
1~6岁
中国儿童
营养素摄入
dietary survey
1—6 years old
Chinese children
nutrient intake
