摘要
明代白银问题是明清经济史研究的重点问题之一,不断引起学者持续的关注,尤其随着"加州学派"学者万志英、贡德·弗兰克、彭慕兰等,以及国内学者万明、刘志伟、刘光临等不无争议的研究之后,更显如此。以问题为经纬,重新梳理学界关于白银问题的已有研究,实有必要。彭信威、全汉昇、梁方仲等老一辈学者关于此问题即有不少的真知灼见,构成了此项研究的起点;其后万志英、黑田明伸、张瑞威、刘光临、万明等从货币史角度进行了新的阐述。不仅如此,中外学界在货币白银化的促动机理、赋役折银与国家制度转型的意义、海外白银内流的成因及估算数量、白银流动与中国"17世纪货币危机"等数个问题上存在相当的争议,体现了明代白银问题研究的深厚积淀。在未来研究中,本文提出需在理论方法层面不断吸纳关联学科的既有研究,注重将货币史的演变放入更长时段、更为复合的网络和地域中考察,重视考察白银的实际流通状态,注意将货币史的研究与货币思想史进行融会式的思考,方能有助于推进该问题的研究层次,减少分歧。
The silver problems in the Ming Dynasty were key issues in the economic history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in recent years.These problems became more and more important especially after the controversial analyses of the California school including Gunder Frank,Kenneth Pomeranz,Richard von Glahn and others.There were lots of controversy on the silver problems in the Ming Dynasty between Chinese and foreign scholars.It was necessary to review and summarize existing research results,and teased out these controversial researches with problem-centered.This article first reviews the beginning and latest development of the monetary historiography on this topic.It then examines relevant debates,such as the motivated mechanism of transition to the silverlized economy,the significance of the replacement of taxes and corvée by silver payment and that of the transformation state institution,why China had a huge need of silver,different estimations on the amount of silver inflow,the circulation of silver and Chinas monetary crisis of the seventeenth century,as well as the problem of silver monetization or monetary silverlization.It finally argues that future research should take long time and comparative perspectives,absorb the new developments of monetary theories,examine the monetary circulation in a more complicated construction and inter-connected context,take numismatic research findings into account,and emphasize the integration of financial history and the history of economic thought.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期93-107,195,共15页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“元明变革视野下的明代货币转型研究”(17CZS019)
江西省高校人文社会科学研究青年项目“‘救市’与转型：明中叶国家货币流通制度演变研究”(LS17203)
