摘要
南海与中国核心利益的关系是学界多年来一个颇具热度的研究话题,随着形势的发展,有必要对这一问题做出较为明晰的定位。《中国的和平发展》中所提出的六大核心利益本质上是对中国所有核心利益的抽象概括,新的具体核心利益的界定只能具体问题具体分析。通过回归中国的核心利益观,文章提出,中国具体外交层面即狭义上的"核心利益"是指对中国生死攸关且面临严峻外部威胁的合法国家利益,须以高调、反复的宣示,对外传递决不妥协、保留武力选项的最强斗争信号;利益的生死攸关性、利益的存在方式以及中国的战略全局,则是中国核心利益具体化的参照标准。南海包含中国生死攸关的合法国家利益,但相较于以台湾问题为代表的中国三大传统核心利益,对之进行核心利益宣示会放大实际威胁,战略上也得不偿失。中国更有效的南海维权需要超越核心利益思维,身段软、反制手段硬,也要在包容性主权、合作型共享上进行新的探索和尝试。
The debate about whether the South China Sea(SCS)is China's core interest has been a hot button among scholars in recent years,and it gets more necessary to provide a clear explication of this issue.The six core interests identified in China's Peaceful Rise represent an abstract overview of China's core interests.With respect to the specification of detailed core interests,they can only be assessed on a case-by-case basis.Through a review of China's vision of its core interests,this article argues that when taking a narrow view from a diplomatic perspective,"core interests"refer to China's legitimate national interests which are vital but severely threatened by external forces.Consequently,China has to take a high-profile position and repeatedly state its positions to convey the harshest signal that it will never make any concessions and take the use of force off the table.The importance of an interest for state's survival,the modality in which the interest is manifested,and China's overarching strategy are the factors that should be referenced in assessing China's specific core interests.The SCS contains China's vital and legitimate national interests,yet pale in comparison to China's three traditional core interests,of which Taiwan Question is the classical example.As such,issuing declarations with respect to the SCS as a core interest will result in magnified threats and bring more losses than gains in strategy.In order to more effectively defend its interests in the SCS,China needs to transcend the notion of core interests,adopt a soft approach,yet adopt strong countermeasures when challenged.China should also explore new possibilities and ideas with respect to the notion of inclusive sovereignty and cooperative sharing.
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期122-155,共34页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
基金
吉林大学行政学院研究生创新研究项目"后‘扩岛’时代的南海新方略研究"和"吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目"(项目编号:2017081)的资助
关键词
南海
中国核心利益
核心利益具体化
南海维权
和平崛起
The South China Sea
China's Core Interests and Their Specification
Defending China's Interests in the South China Sea
China's Peaceful Rise
