摘要
为了解决传统汽车责任保险中侵权责任认定不易的难题并给予车祸事故受害人快速、充分的救济,从20世纪70年代起,美国部分州掀起了一场汽车无过失保险的改革,其变革的核心在于将传统的汽车责任保险改造为针对车祸事故受害人的第一方保险,同时尽量限制甚至取消受害人在侵权法上的权利。由于这场改革并不彻底,因而不但导致改革的既定目标未完全实现,此外还产生了许多新的问题。我国的交强险虽然仍是按照传统责任保险的立法模式予以构造,却也在一定程度上融入了部分无过失保险的因素,主要体现为保险给付与侵权责任认定的相对分离。由于立法者在规则设计时并未明了无过失保险制度权利置换的核心意旨,只是过分强调交强险基本保障功能,因此我国对于强制汽车责任保险的有限改造也存在大量的问题,未来有进一步变革的需要。
In order to achieve the goal of giving quick and ample compensation to the injured party in traffic accidents and avoid the disputes in identification of tort liability,some states in the US started a no-fault insurance reform since 1970 s. The core step of this reform is to transform the traditional auto liability insurance into a first-party no-fault insurance for the injured party in traffic accidents and limit or entirely abolish their rights in torts law.But this reform is not thorough. It not only fails to achieve all original goals,but also give rise to more problems. China's Mainland also mixes together the model of traditional auto liability insurance and some elements of no-fault insurance. For example,the compulsory insurance is separate from debts of tort. However,the lawmakers in China do not fully understand the essence of no-fault insurance tradeoff of rights,but overemphasize the basic protection function of compulsory traffic accident liability insurance for motor vehicles,therefore the current legislative model in China is also flawed in many aspects and needs to be reformed.
出处
《保险研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第12期47-59,共13页
Insurance Studies
基金
2014年国家社科基金重点项目"我国机动车三责险改革问题研究"(项目编号:14AFX019)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
责任保险
无过失保险
交强险
受害人保护
权利置换
liability insurance
no fault insurance
compulsory traffic accident liability insurance for motor vehicles
the protection of injured party
tradeoff of rights
