摘要
本文基于2002、2007和2013年的CHIPs数据,利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解法、工资差距随时间变化分解法和Q_JMP分解法研究了大学生性别工资差距的演变,发现:一是在没有其他控制变量的情况下,2002-2007年大学生性别工资差距的均值和各个分位点上的性别工资差距都呈先扩大再减小的演变趋势。二是2002-2007年性别工资差距的上升主要是因为男女大学毕业生的回报率的差异在增加,这可能表明高等教育扩展导致劳动力市场对女大学生的歧视增加了;在2007-2013年,由教育扩展导致的男女大学生个人特征和就业特征的差异的缩小大幅降低了性别工资差距,由对女大学生的歧视或其他不可解释因素导致的性别工资差距虽然上升了,但是上升的幅度下降了,因此总收入差距下降了。三是相对低端的劳动力市场上的性别工资差距呈先缩小再扩大的变化趋势。
With the expansion of higher education, gender wage gap among college graduates becomes more and more prominent. Applying Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, Q_JMP decomposition method and wage gap variation decomposition method, this research investigates the evolution of gender wage gap among college graduates based on CHIPs2002, CHIPs2007 and CHIPs2013 data. Three main findings are concluded： first, without considering any control variables, the average gender wage gap and the gender wage gaps at different quantiles among college graduates had an initial rise between the year of 2002 and 2007 and then had a drop from 2007 to 2013. Second, on one hand, the main reason of the initial rise is that the difference between male＇s price effect and female＇s increased, which may be caused by the gender discrimination because of higher education expansion. On the other hand the main reasons of the wage gap dropin 2007-2013 are that the gender difference of individual characteristics. Although the discrimination against female increasing or other unobservable factors＇ effects enlarged those gender wage gaps, the enlarging range became smaller. Third, gender wage gap in relatively lower end labor market decreased in 2002-2007 and increased in 2007-2013. Finally, some policy implications are made according to the conclusions.
出处
《清华大学教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期98-107,共10页
Tsinghua Journal of Education
关键词
高校扩招
大学生性别工资差距
性别歧视
higher education expansion
gender wage gap among college graduates
gender discrimination, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method
