摘要
目的 调查金华市区儿童近视流行病学特征，分析其相关因素对儿童近视的影响，为预防和控制近视提供依据。方法 横断面研究。对2014年9月至2015年1月在浙江大学学院调查金华市区的10所学校共计13 569名学生，其中包括3所幼儿园、6所小学、1所中学。检测项目包括裸眼视力、屈光度、握笔姿势、身高和体重。使用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果 不同眼别和性别的视力不良率随年级增大而升高，女性基本高于男性。裸眼视力构成在小学二年级之前以≥4.8为主，占到90%以上；二年级以后，裸眼视力在≥5.0的构成比上，随着年龄的增大而下降；小学六年级以后，在4.5~4.7和4.0~4.4构成比上均超过20%，特别是在4.0~4.4，初三时高达51.3%。不同眼别和不同性别的近视率随年级的增加而升高，右眼高于左眼，女性高于男性。随着父母患近视人数的增加，裸眼视力下降，球镜和散光度数增加。身高、体重和BMI对是否罹患近视呈低相关性，低体重学生近视眼患病率较低。握笔姿势错误学生相比姿势正确的学生，裸眼视力要低，球镜和散光的负值要高。结论 该地区少年儿童的近视化趋势明显，故应加强近视防治；父母近视史、握笔姿势、身高和体重对儿童近视有影响。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of myopia in children in Jinhua City, and analysis the influence of the related factors on children＇s myopia. Finally, to provide evidence for the prevention and control of myopia.Methods Cross sectional study. A total of 13,569 students were selected in 10 schools： 3 kindergartens, 6 primary schools, 1 middle schools. The student＇s distant visual acuity, refraction, writing hand position, height and weight were detected by technician. SPSS17.0 used for statistical analysis.Results The rate of poor visual acuity of different eyes and sex increased with grade, and the female was more than the male. The uncorrected visual acuity was major more than 4.8 before the second grade, accounted for more than 90%; After second grade, the uncorrected visual acuity at the 4.5~ 4.7 and 4.0~ 4.4, all more than 20%, especially at the 4.0~ 4.4, third year of middle school up to 51.3%. The rate of myopia with different eyes and different sex increased with the increase of grade, the right eye was higher than that of the left eye, and the female was higher than the male. With the increase in the number of parents suffering from myopia, the uncorrected visual acuity decreased, the spherical lens and astigmatism increased. Height, weight and BMI were low correlation with the prevalence of myopia, and the prevalence rate of myopia in low weight students was low. Uncorrected visual acuity in the writing hand position errors students was lower than that of the correct posture of students, the negative of the spherical and astigmatic to higher than the correct posture of students.Conclusions The tendency of myopia of children in this area is obvious, therefore, we should strengthen the prevention and treatment of myopia; Family history of myopia, writing hand posture, height and weight has influence on children＇s myopia.
出处
《中国实用眼科杂志》
2017年第3期334-338,共5页
Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology
关键词
儿童近视
近视患病率
家族史
Children＇s myopia
Prevalence rate of myopia
Family history
