摘要
琉球官话系列课本中的"得"既可以作实义动词、助动词,还可以作较为虚化的动相补语、动态助词、能性补语、以及程度/状态/能性补语标记,体现出语法语义上的多功能性。在表达能性方面,更体现出可以通表整个能性范畴的多功能语义特点,这种语法语义的多功能性与同时期北京官话、北方官话、中原官话语料中的表现情况及现代北京话等北方方言和普通话存在差别,而与当今吴、粤、客、赣、湘等南方方言中的表现平行一致。典型南方方言保留了古代汉语多功能词"得"及其通表能性范畴的用法,北京话等北方方言和普通话却不存在这种现象,而用其他方式来表达。这是一个值得注意的具有方言类型学意义的问题。
The multifunctional word "De" in Ryukyu' s mandarin Chinese textbooks can generally be used as verb, auxiliary, phase complement, dynamic auxiliary, potential complement, degree/stating/poten- tial complement marker. In respects of expressing potential category, "De" can express all sub-meanings. This is different from the Peking mandarin, the Norther mandarin and Zhongyuan mandarin of that time and modem northeR dialects such as Peking dialect and modem Chinese, but is functionally in parallel with modem Southem dialects such as Wu, Cantonese, Hakka, Gan and Xiang. Southem dialects reserve the ancient Chinese multifunctional word "De" and the usage of expressing all sub-meanings of potential category; on the contrary, NortheR dialects such as Peking dialect and mandarin Chinese developed oth- er ways. This finding is of typological significance.
出处
《海外华文教育》
2017年第1期115-125,共11页
Overseas Chinese Education
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"海外珍藏汉语文献与南方明清汉语研究"(项目编号:12&ZD178)
北京华文学院2015年度一般项目"清中叶琉球国华裔教材的多角度研究"(项目编号:HW-15-B09)
暨南大学华文教育研究院2013年度"创新平台"一般项目(项目编号:CXPTYB201313)的资助
关键词
琉球官话系列课本
多功能词
得
南北方言
Ryukyu' s mandarin Chinese textbooks
muhifunctional word
"De (得) "
southem and northern dialects