摘要
目的了解学龄前儿童及其主要照料者的膳食摄入情况与儿童肥胖发生的关系,为更好地开展儿童肥胖干预提供参考。方法采用自制调查问卷,对中日友好医院管辖的和平街地区4所幼儿园1 246名儿童及其主要照料者进行调查,调查内容包括儿童及主要照料者的年龄、身高、体重和3 d饮食记录。结果男童肥胖率为11.78%,女童肥胖率为10.82%。肥胖男童主要照料者的肥胖发生率父亲为32.95%,母亲为25.00%,老人为25.42%,均高于非肥胖男童（χ^2值分别为59.22,114.42,34.73,P值均〈0.01）。肥胖女童主要照料者的肥胖发生率父亲为24.07%,母亲为33.33%,均高于非肥胖女童（χ^2值分别为63.61,81.58,P值均〈0.01）。肥胖男童谷薯类、鱼禽肉蛋类、植物油的每日摄入量均高于非肥胖男童,能量摄入为（1 704.42±228.64）kcal/d（1 kcal=4.18 k J）、碳水化合物摄入量为（260.89±47.49）g/d、碳水化合物供能比为（61.05±5.70）%、蛋白质摄入量为（49.31±12.40）g/d、脂肪摄入量为（51.51±9.67）g/d,均高于非肥胖男童,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）;肥胖女童的谷薯类和植物油的每日摄入量均高于非肥胖女童,能量摄入为（1 569.19±156.28）kcal/d、碳水化合物摄入量为（235.61±33.17）g/d、碳水化合物供能比为（59.95±4.65）%、蛋白质摄入量为（44.57±10.84）g/d、脂肪摄入量为（49.84±6.68）g/d,均高于非肥胖女童,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。肥胖儿童主要照料者能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪摄入量均高于非肥胖儿童的主要照料者,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论肥胖儿童及其主要照料者存在膳食结构不合理、能量及三大营养素摄入量过高等问题。预防儿童肥胖要重视家庭主要照料者膳食干预。
Objective To explore body mass index and dietary intake among preschool children and their caregivers.Methods A total of 1 246 children and their caregivers were investigated with questionnaire survey, including height, weight, 3 day diet records about the children and caregivers. Results The rate of boys＇ obesity was 11.78%, and the rate of girls＇ obesity was10.82%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among father, mother and grandparents of obese boys was 32.95%, 25.00% and 25.42%, respectively, which was higher than that of in non-obese boys（ χ^2= 59.22, 114.42, 34.73,P〈0.01）; prevalence of overweight and obesity among father and mother of obese girls was 24.07% and 33.33%, which was higher than that of in the non-obese girls（ χ^2= 63.61, 81.58, P〈0.01）. Daily intake of valley, potato, oil, fish, poultry meat and eggs in obese boys were higher than those in non-obese boys. Energy intake of obese boys（ 1 704. 42 ± 228. 64） kcal / d, carbohydrate intake（ 260. 89 ± 47. 49） g / d and heating ratio（ 61.05±5.70） %, protein intake（ 49.31±12.40） g / d, fat intake（ 156.28± 9.67） g / d were higher than those of nonobese boys. The daily intake of valley and potato, oil in obese girls were higher than that in non-obese girls. Energy intake of obese girls（ 1 569.19±156.28） kcal / d and the intake of carbohydrate（ 235.61±33.17） g / d, protein intake（ 44.57± 10.84） g / d, fat intake（ 49.84±6.68） g / d were higher than those of non obese girls, the difference was statistically significant. The energy intake,carbohydrates intake, protein intake and fat intake of obese children caregivers were higher than non obese children caregivers（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Obese children and their caregivers have unreasonable dietary pattern, and excessive intake of energy. The prevention on childhood obesity should pay attention to dietary intervention among caregivers.
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第4期494-497,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
教育部新世纪人才计划资助(NCET-13-0694)
