摘要
现代神经科学的实验结果显示,在我们意识到行动之前,大脑已经做出行动的决定。这无疑向常识和传统的哲学提出挑战:所谓的自由只是一种幻觉。面对由此引发的激烈争议,我们需要对相关概念的误读进行剖析,并澄清自由意志的内涵及其本质性规定。事实上,由于未对个体层面的经验与亚个体层面的神经活动做出根本区分,一些认知神经科学家在概念层次间做了不恰当的跨越。而实验中违反日常直觉的现象所蕴含意识经验的重要特质"事后阐释"与"建构整合",近年来被发现并越来越得到关注。意识的这种改写无意识心灵预置行为的能力,是意志自由的心灵根基。这启发了人们对自由意志的开启和运行机理重新反思,并在新的起点上理解统一的理性主体的独特行为品质。作为进化道路上选择出来的精神力量,意志自由的心灵基础事关人类的生存和繁衍。
The experimental results of modern neuroscience show that the brain makes decisions on action before we are conscious of action.There can be no doubt that this challenges common knowledge and traditional philosophy:The so-called freedom is just an illusion.Faced with the fierce controversy produced by these findings,we need to analyze misunderstandings of the relevant concepts and clarify the connotations and essential provisions of free will.In fact,since no distinction has been made between experience at the individual level and neurological activity at the sub-individual level,some cognitive neuroscientists have made an inappropriate leap across conceptual levels.In recent years,experimental discoveries have revealed important features of the conscious experience contained in counterintuitive phenomena, 'post hoc interpretation' and 'construction-integration,' which have aroused growing interest.The ability of consciousness to rewrite the mind's unconscious pre-set behavior is the mind's foundation for free will.It inspires people to rethink the initiating and operating mechanisms of free will,and to comprehend the unique behavioral characteristics of the unified rational subject from a new starting point.As an intellectual force selected onthe evolutionary path,the foundation of free will in the mind is vital for human survival and reproduction.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第12期51-68,205,共18页
Social Sciences in China
基金
国家社科基金重点项目"心身关系的哲学研究"(批准号13AZX008)
国家社科基金重大项目"高科技伦理问题研究"(批准号12&ZD117)
国家社科基金重大项目"东西方心灵哲学及其比较研究"(批准号12&ZD120)的阶段性成果
