摘要
目的分析2015年济南市社区居民急性上呼吸道感染病例和流感样病例发病、就诊以及2014年流感疫苗接种情况。方法于2015年2月8—11日，采用抽签法和方便抽样方法从济南市选取在济南市居住3个月以上的家庭，以家庭内所有成员作为调查对象，调查2015年1月8日至2月7日急性上呼吸道感染及流感样病例发病情况。本研究共调查410户1300名居民，回收有效问卷1241份，有效率95．5％。以2010年全国分年龄的城市人口学统计资料为基础，利用直接标准化法估计济南市社区居民急性上呼吸道感染、流感样病例罹患率和流感疫苗接种率。采用χ2检验比较不同特征调查对象的发病及疫苗接种情况。结果1241名调查对象中，急性上呼吸道感染罹患率为30．2％（375例），标化罹患率为29．1％；流感样病例的罹患率为6．1％（76例），标化罹患率为5．4％；53％（66例）接种过流感疫苗，标化接种率为3．8％。急性上呼吸道感染病例中，各年龄组罹患率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=17．121，P=0.002），0-4岁组较高，为45．4％（44例），15～24岁组较低，为26．5％（27例）；38．9％（146例）的病例选择去不同级别医院就诊，其中，37．7％（55例）的病例到县区级以上医院治疗，37．7％（55例）的病例选择社区医院，24．6％（36例）的病例选择个体诊所就诊。流感样病例中，各年龄组罹患率差异有统计学意义（χ2=76．79，P〈0.001），0。4岁组较高为22．7％（22例），25～59与960岁组较低，分别为3．1％（22例）和3．2％（6例）；81．6％（62例）的病例选择去医院就诊，其中53．2％（33例）的病例选择县区级以上医院，33．9％（21例）的病例选择社区医院，12．9％（8例）的病例选择个体诊所就诊。结论济南市社区居民急性上呼吸道感染罹患率较高，流感样病例罹患率较低，0～4岁是�
Objective To analyze the status of acute upper respiratory infection and influenza-like illness （ILl） among community residents in Jinan in 2015, and to make a understand of the patient＇s medical treatment behavior and influenza vaccination coverage status in 2014. Methods Balloting method and convenient sampling method were used to launch a household survey. The residents who had been in Jinan for more than 3 months were selected, to investigate the residents＇ attack ratio of acute upper respiratory and influenza-like from Jan. 8 to Feb. 7, 2015. Totally, 1 300 persons from 410 families were involved in this survey which recovered 1 241 valid questionnaires with the efficiency of 95.5%. Based on the national age-urban demographic statistics in 2010, the attack rates of acute respiratory infections, influenza-like illness were estimated by the direct standardization method, and the influenza vaccination rates were also calculated in this study. χ2-test method was used to compare the different status of incidence and vaccination among residents with different features. Results The attack rate of acute upper respiratory infection and influenza-like illness in Jinan from January 8, 2015 to February 7, 2015 were 30.2% （375 cases）, and 6.1% （76 cases）, respectively, with a standardized rate of 29.1% and 5.4%. 5.3% （66 cases） of the residents have vaccinated with the influenza vaccine inoculation, with an adjusted rate of 3.8%. The attack rate difference of acute upper respiratory tract infections was statistically significant between each age group （χ2= 17.121, P= 0.002）. The 0-4 age group had a highest attack rate （45.4%） of acute respiratory infection, while the 15-24 age group got the lowest （26.5%）. 38.9% （146 cases） of patients went for a treatment in hospital. Among them, 37.7% （55 cases） of them selected the county level hospitals for treatment, 37.7% （55 cases） selected the community level hospitals, and 24.6% （36 cases） selected the individual clinic. Signific
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第12期1032-1035,共4页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
国家科技重大专项（2014ZX09509.001001006）
山东省科技发展计划（2009CGl000254）
关键词
呼吸道感染
流感样病例
罹患率
流感疫苗
横断面调查
Respiratory tract infections
Influenza-like illness
Attack rate
Influenzavaccine
Cross-section study
