摘要
依约定,信用卡逾期还款的违约责任包括循环信用利息和滞纳金,其法律性质分别为继续履行和惩罚性违约金。其计收方式有违现行民事法律规范:循环信用利息中,滞纳金计入本金所产生的部分,构成发卡银行之不当得利,应予取消;银行以持卡人逾期还款为由停止其使用信用卡的权利并将其债务视为全部到期,此为约定解除权的行使,此后仅可请求迟延履行的损害赔偿,无权继续计收作为循环信用服务对价的循环信用利息;滞纳金具有数额逐期递增的特性,作为仅具履约担保作用的惩罚性违约金,应类推适用同具"违约罚"性质的定金之法定限额,且于其作用确已无法实现时终止计收。
Pursuant to the contract, credit card holders＇ liability for late payment includes interest and late fee whose legal essence is respectively specific performance and punitive liquidated damages. The application of such liability should comply with current civil laws and regulations. First, the interest imposed on late fee constitutes card issuer＇s unjust enrichment and therefore should be prohibited. Second, card issuer＇s declaring of the entire balance of cardholder＇s account immediately being due and payable because of the cardholder＇s late payment, means terminating the contract. After that, card issuer can only claim damages for late payment and has no fight to charge interest which is the price of revolving credit service. Third, provisions limiting the amount of security deposit shall apply by analogy to late fee whose amount increases incrementally by billing periods. Charging of late fee shall be stopped when it fails to function as performance security.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期125-134,共10页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
国家留学基金项目(CSC201406220007)
关键词
信用卡
逾期还款
违约责任
循环信用利息
滞纳金
credit card
late payment
liability for breach of contract
interest
late fee
