摘要
国际关系中存在大量的蔑视体验以及为此而追求承认的现象。在目前学术界关于承认问题的研究中,承认的内容究竟为何以及反抗蔑视的应对策略受到什么因素的影响这两个问题仍未得到充分澄清。国家间的承认内容主要是国家所具有的身份,包括角色身份、个体身份与类属身份。这些身份如果遭到蔑视,被蔑视的行为体可能采取四种应对策略:积极抗争、消极合作、身份调整与无视。被蔑视的行为体在特定情况下采取何种应对策略,主要取决于被蔑视的身份类型。在其他条件相似的情况下,国家的角色身份、个体身份与类属身份遭到蔑视,导致其采取的抗争策略的强度会逐渐降低。美国与中亚国家互动过程中的蔑视与反抗现象验证了这种观点。明确国家身份类型与承认斗争策略之间的关系具有一定的理论与现实意义。就理论意义而言,这有助于澄清承认斗争的内容、纠正承认斗争一定会采取武装冲突等冲突策略以及承认斗争首先受到实力分配的影响等成见,从而为针对国际关系中的承认斗争开展经验研究提供一定启示。就现实意义而言,它提醒国家在国际关系互动中须给予其他国家的身份以明确的尊重,这是缓解国际关系中承认斗争和促进国际合作的有效方式。
There are lots of phenomena that countries struggled for recognition resulting from other states' disrespect within international relations.In current studies on recognition issues,there are two important problems requiring further clarification,which are the contents of the recognition and the affected factors for anti-disrespect strategy.The author argues that the content of recognition among countries includes role identity,individual identity and type identity.If these identities of a certain country disrespected by another,and then the disrespected country may choose one of the following four kinds of strategies to struggle for recognition,namely proactive protest,passive cooperation,identity adjustment or ignoring the offense.Then the author holds that the disrespected country choice of which strategy to struggle for recognition mainly depends on the type of national identity.If a country's role identity,individual identity and type identity are despised by another country under similar circumstance,the strength of the struggle strategies are gradually reduced.Disrespect and resistance in the interactions between the United States and the Central Asian countries have verified this point of view.Through validating the relationship between national identity types and the struggle strategies for recognition,we can draw some lessons for international relations studies and foreign policy practices.For theoretical studies,it would help us to clarify the contents of struggle for recognition and to correct the stereotypes that disrespected actors always choose violence to struggle for recognition and that the struggle strategy is mainly influenced by the power distribution between actors.For the foreign practices,the relationship may help to remind decision-makers to fully respect other countries' various national identities,and effectively promote international cooperation and ease international tensions resulting from disrespect.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期125-155,160,共31页
World Economics and Politics
基金
2015年兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“美国中亚政策面临的困境及其理论解释”的阶段性成果
关键词
承认理论
承认内容
国家身份
承认斗争
身份显著性
recognition theory
recognition content
national identities
struggle for recognition
identity significance
