摘要
本文以一个全新分析的框架探讨"第一波现代化",即真正有可能跨入现代化的门槛的四个西欧国家——英国、法国、荷兰、西班牙,从地理大发现到17世纪末的现代化历程。西欧具备现代国家雏形的不同的发展路径是整个现代化研究的起点。我们的分析同意这背后的核心机制之一是大西洋贸易带来的外部冲击造成欧洲国家国内财富的重组,引起的阶级力量的消长推动了制度的变迁。但是,过去学者们的讨论没有将起始因素和制度变迁这一核心机制本身联系起来,我们的新解释则将起始因素、核心机制和辅助机制有机地整合起来。专制程度、地理位置、国家规模、国家对贸易的政策以及宗教对立这些起始因素正是通过影响核心机制和辅助机制,并通过这些因素和机制的互动共同决定了国家的兴衰。最后,本文从方法论的角度强调,将同时期中国和第一波现代化国家进行类比是不恰当的。
In this paper,the author employs a completely new analytic framework to explore'the first wave of modernization'in which the four West European countries best poised for modernization,namely England,France,Holland and Spain,go through their modernization process from the time of Great Geographical Discovery to the end of 17 th century.That West Europe has different developmental paths for modern state is the point of departure for the whole project of modernization study.Our analysis endorses the point that the underlying core mechanism is the reshuffle of domestic wealth in those European countries brought about by the external impact of Atlantic trade and consequently the growth and decline of the relative strengths of various classes which finally lead to institutional change.However,no scholarly attempt has been made to associate this core mechanism of institutional change with the initial factors.Our new analysis will try to integrate the initial factors with the core mechanism and auxiliary mechanism.The initial factors include the degree of autocracy,geograph-ic location,the size of the state,the state policy of foreign trade,religious rivalry,etc.These initial elements come into interplay with the core and auxiliary mechanisms to decide the rise and fall of the state.The paper concludes by stressing that China in the same period bears no comparison with the modernizing states in the first wave.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期119-137,6-7,共19页
Open Times
基金
唐世平及其团队关于"重新审视现代化"的研究项目的阶段性成果之一
复旦大学985-3期项目的支持
关键词
大西洋贸易
制度变迁
机制
因素
Atlantic trade,institutional change,mechanism,factors
