摘要
北魏羽真有羽真号、羽真姓氏和羽真侯国三义。三义之间存在关联。学界以羽真第一义为官职或爵称,并不准确。羽真号的合理表述应当是鲜卑拓跋使用的"类官号",内部存在一般羽真、大羽真、内行羽真和内大羽真的分别;其最初功能是分定以血缘为纽带的统治集团内部及与内入诸姓、四方诸姓之间的权力等级边界。道武时羽真号已有大羽真、内行羽真、内大羽真三职的分别:获赐大羽真的原因主要是世领部落,率部归魏及有捍边之功,当类领民酋长;内行羽真可能是针对帝室十姓;内大羽真当是给予昭成皇帝嫡系子孙。以太武帝统一华北为转折点,稳定下来的北魏政权开始收紧对于大羽真等三者的授予,一般羽真大量出现,并因适应权力来源由贵族转向皇帝的大势,而更多地被应用,太武以后诸帝开始将一般羽真号授予汉人,以削弱贵族政治,确保政权由宗王政治向皇权政治的过渡,孝文帝时的羽真号更多地成为一种得到皇权认可、可以进入核心统治圈的身份标识。而在拟制血缘的皇权政治中羽真号逐渐失其意义,以孝文改制、河阴之变为两临界点,在人为制造的历史真空与异质载体历史书写的熏染、挤压下以"理性"的方式被选择性遗忘,出现中古时期鲜明可见的结构性失忆。
＂Yuzhen＂ （羽真） in the Northern Wei has three meanings： as titulary, as name and ＂Yuzhen hou＂ country. The reasonable representation of ＂Yuzhen＂ is political titulary. It can be divided into four parts such as General Yuzhen, Da Yuzhen, Neixing Yuzhen and Neida Yuzhen. It original function is to divided powers grade boundariys, while Da Yuzhen, Neixing Yuzhen and Neida Yuzhen appear in Taowu Emperor. As a turning point of the unification of North China in Taiwu Emperor, a large number of General Yuzhen have emerged. In the fiction of imperial blood, Yuzhen gradually losing its political significance feather fax number to Takafumi restructuring into two heyin the critical point in the history of man-made vacuum with heterogeneous carrier historical writing,squeezed in ＂rational＂ way to be forgotten selective, the medieval period appears distinct visible structural amnesia.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第2期128-144,共17页
Academic Monthly
关键词
北魏
羽真号
结构性失忆
历史书写
异质载体
Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuzhen, structural amnesia, history writing
